File:Auricarioxylon arizonicum (fossil wood) (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; near Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA) (30367422967).jpg
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DescriptionAuricarioxylon arizonicum (fossil wood) (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; near Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA) (30367422967).jpg |
Auricarioxylon arizonicum - quartz-permineralized fossil wood from the Triassic of Arizona, USA. Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic eucaryotes. The oldest known land plant body fossils are Silurian in age. Fossil root traces of land plants are known back in the Ordovician. The Devonian was the key time interval during which land plants flourished and Earth experienced its first “greening” of the land. The earliest land plants were small and simple and probably remained close to bodies of water. By the Late Devonian, land plants had evolved large, tree-sized bodies and the first-ever forests appeared. The fossil shown above is "petrified wood", which is a horrible term for what is technically called permineralized wood. Biogenic materials such as wood or bone have a fair amount of small-scale porosity. After burial, the porosity of wood or bone can get partially or completely filled up with minerals as groundwater or diagenetic fluids percolate through. The end result is a harder, denser material that retains the original three-dimensionality (or close to it). The wood or bone has become “petrified”. Well, no - it’s become permineralized. The most common permineralization mineral is quartz (SiO2). Sometimes, fossil wood or bone has been permineralized with radioactive minerals such as black uraninite (UO2) or yellowish carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O). Fossil bones permineralized with cinnabar have even been identified (García-Alix et al., 2013, Lethaia 46: 1-6). Stratigraphy: Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site near Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA |
Date | |
Source | Auricarioxylon arizonicum (fossil wood) (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; near Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/30367422967 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 November 2019
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current | 03:30, 7 November 2019 | 3,326 × 2,818 (6.36 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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ISO speed rating | 320 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:18, 16 April 2011 |
Lens focal length | 18.6 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 02:53, 14 October 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:18, 16 April 2011 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 4.3125 |
APEX aperture | 4.59375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.59375 APEX (f/4.91) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 22:53, 13 October 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | BB41F265F2AF0FC93A56A8611D420C3C |
IIM version | 1 |