File:American malacological bulletin (1988) (18157809301).jpg

Title: American malacological bulletin
Identifier: americanmal6719881990amer (find matches)
Year: 1983 (1980s)
Authors: American Malacological Union
Subjects: Mollusks; Mollusks
Publisher: (Hattiesburg, Miss. ?) : (American Malacological Union)
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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132 AMER. MALAC. BULL. 7(2) (1990)
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Sd Fig. 1. Bursa copulatrix complex of organs showing differences between Neotricula (A) and Tricula (B) (Bu, bursa copulatrix; Dbu, duct of the bursa; Dsr, duct of the seminal receptacle; Emc, posterior end of the mantle cavity; Ocoi, oviduct coil; Opo, opening of pallial oviduct into the albumen gland (posterior pallial oviduct); Ov, oviduct; Pe, pericardium; Sd, spermathecal duct; Sdu, sperm duct; Sr, seminal receptacle). many undescribed species; the number of newly described species increases each year and will continue to do so for some time. We estimate that there are more than 60 such species throughout China (see Kang, 1983, 1984a, b, 1986; Liu ef a/., 1983a, b, 1987; Guo and Gu, 1985; Davis, ef a/., 1986a). A third complicating factor is that confirmation that a species transmits a parasite is dependent on voucher specimens cataloged into museum or institutional collections. The voucher specimen system has not been used in China except for type specimens; we encourage its use. The number assigned to the specimens should be referenced in the publication linking a parasite to the snail population in ques- tion. This assures future investigators that the specimens seen in a collection are the ones specified in the publication. A poor illustration of a single specimen in a publication does not serve to identify the species. Given the above difficulties, we comment on eight taxa currently listed in the literature as transmitting parasites for which nomenclatural changes are necessary or where there is substantial confusion. We have anatomical data for only three of these, i.e. Neotricula jinhongensis, Tricula gregoriana, and T. montana. All others must be retained in T. sensu lato until anatomical data are available. 1. Tricula guangxiensis Liu ef a/., 1983a. This is a synonym of T. fuchsi (Gredler 1887). T fuchsi transmits Paragonimus skrjabini. 2. Tricula minutoides (Gredler, 1885): Specimens from Hunan (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, (IZAS) catalog number 00643) are actually T. cristella Gredler 1887. T. cristella transmits Paragonimus skrjabini. 3. Tricula cristella (Gredler, 1887): (IZAS No. 00615): These specimens are not that species; they belong to an ap- parently undescribed species. Genuine T. cristella does not transmit Paragonimus hueitungensis. 4. Tricula gregoriana Annandale, 1924a: There is much confusion in the literature concerning this species. Specimens figured by Liu ef al. (1984) (IZAS No. 00642) are not that species but Delavaya dianchiensis Davis and Guo, 1986 (in Davis ef al., 1986a). Illustrations published by Sun (1959) as T. gregoriana are also not that species. Davis ef al. (1986a) published a description of the anatomy of snails from Yun- nan referable to T. gregoriana by comparison with the types. There specimens are deposited in the collections of the In- stitute of Zoology, Beijing with IZAS No. 08701 - (F). 5. Tricula humida Heude, 1890: There is much confu- sion concerning the identity of this species. It is possible that specimens illustrated by Sun (1959) are this species, but it is not possible to confirm the identification from the reduced photographs. We have not seen any specimens in various col- lections in China that compare favorably with the type series. Accordingly, we cannot confirm that T. humida transmits Paragonimus. 6. Tricula jinhongensis Guo and Gu, 1985: This is a species of Neotricula; it transmits Paragonimus skrjabini and Schistosoma sp. The parasite has not been identified to species. 7. Tricula montana Benson, 1843. Contrary to Liu ef al., 1983a, this species does not occur in China. It is restricted to the lesser Himalayan mountains of northern India west of Nepal. On the basis of comparative anatomy the closest association with Tricula in China is with T. gregoriana. 8. Halewisia sinica Liu ef al., 1983b: The genus Halewisia is confined to the lower Mekong River in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. H. sinica from China is possibly Tricula sensu lato but generic confirmation will depend on anatomical data. T. sinica transmits Paragonimus skrjabini. In conclusion, it is clear that considerable confusion would be avoided if specimens found to transmit parasites were formally cataloged into a permanent institutional collec- tion with samples also deposited in various national centers. The catalog numbers should be published with the data. Descriptions of species and assignment to genera demands detailed comparative anatomical data; it is no longer accept- able to describe species of Triculinae on the standards of Stimpson (1865): shell, radula, operculum, penis. Characters of these structures are too convergent to use for these purposes.

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