File:African phylogenetic structure projected on a map.png

English: African phylogenetic structure projected on a map: This map displays broadly the phylogenetic structure of Africa after the dispersal of anatomical modern humans (AMH). The first and deepest split (c. 200kya) is associated with the Central and Southern African hunter-gatherers (Mbuti and Khoisan groups etc.), which are occasionally also referred to as "Paleo-Africans". The next split (c. 90kya) was between the ancestors of ancient East and Western Africans and the ancestors of Eurasians. The ancestors of Eurasians migrated Out of Africa (c. 70kya) and remained in a "population hub" in which they underwent geneflow from archaic humans, and from which they expanded in a repetitive pattern, giving rise to Eastern Eurasians (IUP) and Western Eurasians (UP). A remaining group, which shares the same bottleneck events and drift, but did not receive archaic admixture, is known as "Basal Eurasians". In Africa, the "Ancient East Africans" gave rise to "Eastern African hunter-gatherers" (EAHG), the ancestors of West African Niger-Congo speakers, and the ancestors of Nilo-Saharan speakers. The time of divergence of the EAHG is estimated to c. 50kya, while the time of divergence between Ancestral Niger-Congo and Ancestral Nilo-Saharan speakers is estimated to c. 28kya. The Paleolithic population of Northern Africa (represented by the Taforalt specimen) is modeled to have formed from an "Ancient North African" component diverging from the population which would become ancestral to Eurasians (alternatively from a "Sub-Saharan African" component deeply related to the ancestors of West and East Africans), and from a non-African component associated with early Western Eurasians and which arrived through a back migration towards Northern Africa.