File:A text-book of physiology - for medical students and physicians (1916) (14767152471).jpg

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Identifier: textbookofphysio1916howe (find matches)
Title: A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945
Subjects: Physiology Medicine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London : W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

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uponelectrical stimulation. If such an apex is connected with a leverto register its contractions, and the electrical stimulus applied toit is gradually increased, the first contraction to appear is maxi-mal, and it is not further increased by augmenting the stimulus.This property is sometimes described by saying (Ranvier) thatthe contraction of the heart muscle is all or none. This factmust not, however, be interpreted to mean that the force ofcontraction of heart muscle is invariable under all conditions.Such is not the case. The heart muscle under favorable nutritiveconditions may give a much larger and more forcible contractionthan is possible under conditions of poor nutrition; but the pointis, that, whatever may be the condition of the muscle at anygiven moment, its contraction in response to artificial stimulation 574 CIRCULATION OF BLOOD AND LYMPH. is maximal for that condition,—that is, does not vary with thestrength of the stimulus. As was said above, this property is not
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Fig. 236.—To show the effect of a short electrical stimulus applied at different timesin the heart beat.—(.Marey.) The record is taken from the frogs heart. In 1, 2, and 3 thestimulus (e) falls into the heart during systole (refractory period) and has no effect. In4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 the stimulus falls into the heart toward the end of systole or during diastole,and is followed by an extra systole and corresponding compensatory pause. It will benoted that the latent period (shaded area) between the stimulus and the extra systole isshorter the longer the diastole has proceded before the stimulus is applied. PROPERTIES OF THE HEART MUSCLE. 575 exhibited by the crustacean (lobster) heart, but has been shownto be true for the mammalian heart muscle.* 2. The refractory period of the beat. It was shown by Marey f thatthe heart muscle is irritable to artificial (electrical) stimuli onlyduring the period of diastole. During the period of systole an elec-trical stimulus has no effect; during

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  • bookid:textbookofphysio1916howe
  • bookyear:1916
  • bookdecade:1910
  • bookcentury:1900
  • bookauthor:Howell__William_H___William_Henry___1860_1945
  • booksubject:Physiology
  • booksubject:Medicine
  • bookpublisher:Philadelphia_and_London___W__B__Saunders_Company
  • bookcontributor:Yale_University__Cushing_Whitney_Medical_Library
  • booksponsor:Open_Knowledge_Commons_and_Yale_University__Cushing_Whitney_Medical_Library
  • bookleafnumber:591
  • bookcollection:medicalheritagelibrary
  • bookcollection:cushingwhitneymedicallibrary
  • bookcollection:americana
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28 July 2014

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