File:Zoophycos in limestone (Upper Mercer Limestone, Middle Pennsylvanian; Noland Tunnel's north portal outcrop, Tunnel Hill, Coshocton County, Ohio, USA) 1 (30217531284).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionZoophycos in limestone (Upper Mercer Limestone, Middle Pennsylvanian; Noland Tunnel's north portal outcrop, Tunnel Hill, Coshocton County, Ohio, USA) 1 (30217531284).jpg |
Zoophycos trace fossil in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA. This eastern Ohio exposure is in the Pottsville Group, a Pennsylvanian-aged cyclothemic succession containing nonmarine shales, marine shales, siltstones, sandstones, coals, marine limestones, and chert ("flint"). The lower Pottsville dates to the late Early Pennsylvanian. The upper part dates to the early Middle Pennsylvanian. The Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian boundary is apparently somewhere near the Boggs Member (?). The Upper Mercer Limestone is a moderately laterally persistent chertified limestone horizon in the Pottsville Group. It is often composed of black-colored flint but can be dark bluish to bluish-black colored as well (the latter colors are referred to as "Nellie Blue Flint"). Upper Mercer Flint has whitish-colored fossils and fossil fragments that include fusulinid foraminifera, crinoid ossicles, and other Late Paleozoic normal marine fossils. Apparent phylloidal algae can also be present as squiggly lines. Non-chertified limestone is frequently present in the Upper Mercer horizon, although minor in volume. Limestone usually occurs along the outside portions of chert masses, but also in relatively small patches within the chert. In places, the Upper Mercer Flint/Limestone horizon is missing, usually removed by paleoerosion. American Indians sometimes used Upper Mercer Flint to make arrowheads and spear points and knife blades. "Flint Ridge Flint" (= Vanport Flint) was the most desirable source rock for these objects, but other chert horizons also attracted attention. In this outcrop photo, curving grooves are present in limestone. This is Zoophycos, a distinctive feeding trace with an overall spiral morphology (for example, see: www.geopark.at/fileadmin/geopark/8._Pressematerialien/8.1... and www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/dste/sediment/Paleonto/fossiles/ic...). Stratigraphy: Upper Mercer Limestone, upper Pottsville Group, Atokan Stage, lower Middle Pennsylvanian Locality: Tunnel Hill North Portal Outcrop (= Noland Tunnel's northern portal), ~1.75 air miles north-northeast of the town of Tunnel Hill, western Coshocton County, eastern Ohio, USA (~40° 16’ 33.27” North latitude, ~82° 01’ 53.04” West longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Zoophycos in limestone (Upper Mercer Limestone, Middle Pennsylvanian; Noland Tunnel's north portal outcrop, Tunnel Hill, Coshocton County, Ohio, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/30217531284. It was reviewed on 24 June 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
24 June 2017
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current | 17:22, 24 June 2017 | 4,000 × 3,000 (5.24 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/40 sec (0.025) |
F-number | f/4.9 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:58, 26 November 2014 |
Lens focal length | 18.6 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 19:52, 7 November 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:58, 26 November 2014 |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.3125 |
APEX aperture | 4.59375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.59375 APEX (f/4.91) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,000 px |
Image height | 3,000 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 14:52, 7 November 2016 |
IIM version | 2 |