File:Zbrodnia katynska - Charkow - Gruner Julian, 1919-20, na czele, E Gruner-Zarnoch, Starobielsk, 274.jpg

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Captions

Captions

Polish cavalry unit, 1919-20 during defense against Bolsheviks, Julian Gruner at the front

Summary

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Description
English: Polish cavalry unit, probably the 10th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment, in 1919-20 during the Polish defensive war against the Soviet/Bolshevik attack; Polish doctor and sportsman, lieutenant Julian Gruner (1898-1940) is at the head of the unit. Gruner and hundreds of other Polish soldiers of this war were murdered by Soviet officers of the NKVD at Stalin's order in 1940 in what is collectively known as the Katyn Massacre.
Polski: Oddział polskiej kawalerii w wojnie bolszewickiej, na czele z ówczesnym podporucznikiem Julian Gruner (1898-1940), doktor medycyny, lekarzem. Jest to prawdopodobnie 10 Pułk Ułanów Litewskich, gdyż w nim właśnie służył Gruner w tej wojnie.
Date
Source Gruner-Żarnoch Ewa. Starobielsk w oczach ocalałych jeńców. Szczecin 2001, p. 273. ISBN 83-905465-1-5
Author Unknown authorUnknown author

Licensing

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Public domain
This photograph is in the public domain because according to the Art. 3 of copyright law of March 29, 1926 of the Republic of Poland and Art. 2 of copyright law of July 10, 1952 of the People's Republic of Poland, all photographs by Polish photographers (or published for the first time in Poland or simultaneously in Poland and abroad) published without a clear copyright notice before the law was changed on May 23, 1994 are assumed to be in the public domain in Poland.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

  1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
  2. it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
  3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Poland) on the URAA date (1 January 1996).
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