File:Zaleski Flint (Middle Pennsylvanian; west of Creola, northern Vinton County, Ohio, USA) 1.jpg

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English: Chert ("flint") from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.

Chert is a cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rock. It is hard, can be any color, breaks with conchoidal to irregular fracture, and has sharp broken edges. Chert varies in color from near-white to black. "Flint" is a term sometimes used to refer to chert, but the two names are synonymous. Some will assert that light-colored examples are chert and dark-colored examples are flint. Others will say that chert is low-quality, with impurities, and flint is high-quality, with few impurities. Still others will claim that flint is biogenic in origin and chert is chemical in origin. Another suggested distinction is that "chert" refers to the lithology (it's a geologic term) and "flint" refers to artifacts composed of chert (it's an archaeological term).

Prehistoric tribes in Ohio exploited several chert/flint occurrences for making various tools, such as arrowheads and spearpoints. The three most significant were the Vanport Flint, the Upper Mercer Flint, and the Zaleski Flint. All three are Middle Pennsylvanian in age. The Upper Mercer is in the Pottsville Group. The Vanport and Zaleski are in the Allegheny Group.

The black flint seen here is from the Zaleski Flint in southeastern Ohio. Prehistoric flint quarries have long been noted from the hills of Vinton County.

Stratigraphy: float from the Zaleski Flint, Allegheny Group, Middle Pennsylvanian

Locality: west of the town of Creola, northern Vinton County, southeatern Ohio
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Author James St. John

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