File:X-ray manual - U.S. Army (1917) (14570619800).jpg

Identifier: xraymanualusarmy00unit (find matches)
Title: X-ray manual : U.S. Army
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: United States. Surgeon-General's Office American Roentgen Ray Society
Subjects: X-rays Fractures Teeth Chest Heart Radiography
Publisher: New York : Middleditch
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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ontact wit)the permanent skin marks. The pointer g (or two) inow lowered until it touches the patients skin. It theigives the direction in which the foreign body lies an»the distance between the lower border of the rider (1and the upper border of the sleeve (o) is the distance o:the foreign body below the skin in that direction. Sources of Error. Of these the most difficult toeliminate is the question of the exact location of the •focus points. With this localizer, when several localizations are tfljbe made before any of them are operated it is most iessential that the various measurements and adjustments tbe accurately recorded. Hirtz Compass. Another graphic method using a widely different ap-plication of the triangulation process is the Compass ofHirtz 2b. In (Fig. 5) let R be the sensitized plate. Upon its!envelope is placed a lead marker V and upon this is ffc A* i» & j> t* Fig. 4. Diagram of centering device applicable to rectangular opening diaphragms(Cross section.)
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Fig. 5. Diagram of the Hirtz Compass.149 150 X-RAY MANUAL—U. S. ARMY accurately centered the direct ray from focus point V.The projectile is (P). A, B and C are three metal mark-ers at conveniently chosen points on the skin. If thefocus is displaced to F and to F, Fig. 6, and an exposuremade at each point, there will result upon the plate twoshadows each of A, B, C and P. Knowing the distances VV and FF we are able, bymeasuring the displacement in each pair of shadows, toset forth all the data needed for the primary problem. Making the Plate. (1) The approximate position of foreign body shouldfirst be determined by one of the fluoroscopic methods. (2) Upon the centre of a plate of proper size place amarker, say a lead triangle (V). Center the focus ac-curately above this point. (3) Being careful not to change position of either tubeor plate, place the patient so that, as well, as can bejudged, the shadow of the projectile will fall a littleto one side of the center (V). The position

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