File:Whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis (49417918413).jpg
Original file (3,648 × 2,736 pixels, file size: 5.32 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionWhitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis (49417918413).jpg |
whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis, Nevada, Carson Range, Sierra Nevada, Mount Rose, Bronco Creek - Truckee River watershed, elevation 3133 m (10280 ft). This western North American endemic is currently a candidate for Endangered Species listing, because of widespread declines and mortality from white pine blister rust and pine beetles. Most of the mortality has been in the main part of its range in the northern Rocky Mountains, with smaller amounts here near the southern end of its range. Whitebark pine is unique among North American white pines in having cones that remain closed until torn apart by animals, or falling apart on their own. The animals (mostly Clark's Nutcracker and various small mammals) are very efficient at this, and if you aren't there while cones are still on the tree, often all you find is a litter of disarticulated cones scales on the ground. The species depends almost entirely on Clark's Nutcracker to disperse its seeds. Vegetatively the species is virtually identical to limber pine (Pinus flexilis), which causes ID problems where they grow together, unless cones are present. |
Date | |
Source | whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis |
Author | Jim Morefield from Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 39° 20′ 41.5″ N, 119° 55′ 25.57″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 39.344860; -119.923770 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jim Morefield at https://flickr.com/photos/127605180@N04/49417918413. It was reviewed on 26 July 2021 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
26 July 2021
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 02:16, 26 July 2021 | 3,648 × 2,736 (5.32 MB) | Orizan (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image title | whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis, Nevada, Carson Range, Sierra Nevada, Mount Rose, Bronco Creek - Truckee River drainage, elevation 3133 m (10280 ft). |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | E-510 |
Author | Camera owner, James D. Morefield; Photographer, James D. Morefield; Image creator, James D. Morefield |
User comments | whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis, Nevada, Carson Range, Sierra Nevada, Mount Rose, Bronco Creek - Truckee River drainage, elevation 3133 m (10280 ft). |
Date and time of data generation | 12:11, 15 August 2017 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Lens focal length | 42 mm |
Latitude | 39° 20′ 41.5″ N |
Longitude | 119° 55′ 25.57″ W |
Altitude | 3,133.344 meters above sea level |
Width | 3,648 px |
Height | 2,736 px |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Orientation | Normal |
Subsampling ratio of Y to C | 2 |
File change date and time | 12:11, 15 August 2017 |
Software used | PaintShop Pro 14.00 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Meaning of each component |
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Date and time of digitizing | 12:11, 15 August 2017 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.61328125 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Soft |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Soft |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 19:11 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 292.5 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS 1984 |
GPS date | 15 August 2017 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |