File:Whit Bissell 1947 Brute Force.jpg

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Original file (1,163 × 1,452 pixels, file size: 692 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Captions

Captions

Actor Whit Bissell in 1947

Summary

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Description
English: Whit Bissell, star of "The Hasty Heart", read company, appears in his first important film role-- a convict Mark Hellinger's "Brute Force". He appears opposite Ella Raines in scenes outside the prison, while inside the prison he plays in support of Burt Lancaster, Hume Cronyn and Charles Bickford. Jules Dassin directed the Universal-International release.
Date
Source Listing Archive: Listing Front Back
Author Universal Pictures
Permission
(Reusing this file)
  • The photo has no copyright markings on it as can be seen in the links above.
  • United States Copyright Office page 2 "Visually Perceptible Copies The notice for visually perceptible copies should contain all three elements described below. They should appear together or in close proximity on the copies.
1 The symbol © (letter C in a circle); the word “Copyright”; or the abbreviation “Copr.”
2 The year of first publication. If the work is a derivative work or a compilation incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the derivative work or compilation is sufficient. Examples of derivative works are translations or dramatizations; an example of a compilation is an anthology. The year may be omitted when a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or useful articles.
3 The name of the copyright owner, an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of owner.Example "© 2007 Jane Doe"
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

Licensing

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This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current09:50, 1 May 2024Thumbnail for version as of 09:50, 1 May 20241,163 × 1,452 (692 KB)Hyperba21 (talk | contribs)Front, crop, cleaned up
22:16, 30 April 2024Thumbnail for version as of 22:16, 30 April 20241,301 × 1,600 (884 KB)Hyperba21 (talk | contribs)Front
22:15, 30 April 2024Thumbnail for version as of 22:15, 30 April 20241,600 × 1,297 (584 KB)Hyperba21 (talk | contribs)Uploaded a work by Universal Pictures from https://www.ebay.com/itm/364727495004 with UploadWizard

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