File:Vue des esclaves sur la Porte du Non Retour.jpg
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![]() This media file has been nominated for deletion since 17 August 2024. To discuss it, please visit the nomination page.
Do not remove this tag until the deletion nomination is closed. Reason for the nomination: Benin does not permit Freedom of Panorama for commercial uses of images of copyrighted memorials and monuments of the country, including this. This sculptural monument was inaugurated in 1995, and was a joint authorship of: architect Yves Ahouen-Gnimon and the following sculptors: w:fr:Fortuné Bandeira (for the columns and bas-reliefs), Yves Kpede (for the Egungun), and Dominque Kouas Gnonnou (for the bronzes).
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionVue des esclaves sur la Porte du Non Retour.jpg |
Français : La Porte du Non Retour a été érigée en 1995 à l'initiative de l'UNESCO sur la plage, d'où sont supposés être partis les bateaux de la traite négrière.
Elle le point de départ des près de deux millions d'africains qui quittèrent la terre de leurs ancêtres pour rejoindre en pirogues les galères qui les emmenèrent vers un nouveau monde de labeur. En moyenne 20% des esclaves qui embarquèrent moururent pendant la traversée. La Porte du Non Retour symbolise également le point d'arrivée de ce que l'on appelle aujourd'hui la route des esclaves. Cette route partait de la Place des enchères, aussi appelée place Chacha au centre ville de Ouidah. Cette place avait été érigée en 1717 par le roi Ghézo d'Abomey qui confia à son ami, le brésilien Chacha de Souza, la vente des prisonniers de guerre aux européens. Encore aujourd'hui on trouve au milieu de cette place un arbre pluri-centenaire, l'arbre de l'oubli. Y était pratiqué un rituel destiné à faire perdre aux hommes et femmes, vendus comme esclaves, tout repère. Les hommes devaient tourner neuf fois et les femmes sept fois autour de l'arbre qui leur ferait oublier leur culture, leur passé et leur patrie (ce chiffre a été déterminé en relation avec la croyances des gens de l'époque que les hommes possédaient neuf côtes et les femmes sept). Avant de parcourir les quelques kilomètres qui les séparaient des bateaux, les esclaves étaient marqués au fer rouge d'une lettre, signe du pays d'appartenance de leurs nouveaux acquéreurs. Ensuite, afin de tester leur résistance sur les bateaux durant la traversée, ils étaient enfermés pendant plusieurs semaines voire plusieurs mois dans de petites cases, où l'obscurité était quasi totale. Ceux qui mouraient ou qui n'étaient plus en état de faire la traversée étaient jetés dans des fosses communes. Ceux qui restaient, parcouraient enchainés les uns aux autres les quelques kilomètres qui les séparaient de la plage. La Porte du Non Retour porte en elle les signes des atrocités perpétuées tout au long de ce parcours. On peut trouver, sur les deux faces de la Porte, différentes sculptures et fresques les symbolisant. D'un côté, faisant face à la mer, la marche des esclaves vers les bateaux et de l'autre côté, dos à la mer, faisant face à la ville de Ouidah, les esclaves marchant depuis l'arbre de l'oubli.
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Date | |||
Source | Own work | ||
Author | Rachad sanoussi |
Camera location | 6° 19′ 23.23″ N, 2° 05′ 16.26″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Monuments 2019.
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 22:28, 23 September 2019 | ![]() | 5,184 × 3,888 (4.62 MB) | Rachad sanoussi (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX610 HS |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:48, 17 September 2019 |
Lens focal length | 21.929 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 12:48, 17 September 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:48, 17 September 2019 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.96875 |
APEX aperture | 4.96875 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.96875 APEX (f/5.6) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 32 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 32 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 32 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 21,159.183673469 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 21,130.434782609 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Structured data
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6°19'23.23"N, 2°5'16.26"E
17 September 2019
0.002 second
5.6
21.929 millimetre
- Deletion requests August 2024
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