File:Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) (Flambeau VMS Deposit, Paleoproterozoic; Flambeau Mine, northwestern Wisconsin, USA).jpg

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English: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) from the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA. (5.3 centimeters across at its widest)

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits appear to have formed at ancient seafloor hydrothermal vents (“black smoker” environments) in or near mid-ocean ridges. VMS deposits principally contain various sulfide minerals, and can be economically significant.

The rock shown here is from the Flambeau VMS Deposit in Wisconsin, USA. It is dominated by pyrite and some chalcopyrite, but may contain small amounts of chalcocite, bornite, and other sulfides. It’s rich enough in copper and copper-iron sulfides to qualify as a copper ore. This deposit was mined out for its copper in the 1990s. The ores here also have a little finely-disseminated gold.

The Flambeau VMS Deposit is Paleoproterozoic in age. The sulfides are hosted in metamorphosed volcanic rocks (metadacites & metarhyodacites) of the Pembine-Wausau Terrane. This terrane was a volcanic island arc (analagous to modern-day Japan or the Aleutian Islands) that collided with the southern margin of the Superior Craton during the Penokean Orogeny (1.85-1.86 billion years ago).

Locality: Flambeau Mine, just south of the town of Ladysmith, central Rusk County, northwestern Wisconsin, USA (45º 26’ 28” North latitude, 91º 07’ 01” West longitude)
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Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/14817887929/
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/14817887929. It was reviewed on 3 December 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

3 December 2020

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current19:54, 3 December 2020Thumbnail for version as of 19:54, 3 December 20201,165 × 831 (1.45 MB)Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs)Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/14817887929/ with UploadWizard

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