File:Vermicularia fargoi (Fargo's worm snail) (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) 2 (25649192900).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionVermicularia fargoi (Fargo's worm snail) (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) 2 (25649192900).jpg |
Vermicularia fargoi Olsson, 1951 - Fargo's worm snail in Florida, USA. The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores. Shown above is one of the more bizarre gastropod shells around - this is Vermicularia, also called a worm snail. It’s one of the few snails that does not have a tightly coiled shell. Several snails from different families have shells somewhat like this (e.g., the vermetids & the turritellids). They all resemble the twisted mineralized shells made by some annelid worms, hence the common name “worm snails” or “worm shells”. Despite the superficially very different-looking shells, malacologists have demonstrated that Vermicularia is very closely related to the high-spired snail Turritella (<a href="http://www.gastropods.com/Shell_Images/T/Turritella_terebra_2.jpg" rel="nofollow">www.gastropods.com/Shell_Images/T/Turritella_terebra_2.jpg</a>). Juvenile Vermicularia are free living, infaunal filter feeders that position themselves apex-down and aperture-up within the sediment. During this stage in ontogeny, the Vermicularia shell is tightly coiled, as is any ordinary gastropod shell. Later in life, the snail becomes an epifaunal, encrusting filter feeder (assuming hard or firm substrates are available), and its shell starts uncoiling. The advantage of an uncoiled shell in Vermicularia is generally inferred to be rapid upright growth (that’s desirable for a sessile, benthic filter feeder). If hard or firm substrates aren’t available, Vermicularia generally doesn’t grow an unwound shell during growth, and it ends up looking like typical a Turritella shell. The degree of uncoiling also depends on the nature of the hard substrate (e.g., a ramose scleractinian coral vs. a hemispherical scleractinian coral vs. a bivalve shell). So, shell uncoiling is an ecophenotypic character. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Turritellidae Provenance: marine beach from near the southern end of Cayo Costa Island, southwestern Florida, USA Most info. synthesized from Morton (1953) and Gould (1968, 1969): Morton (1953) - Vermicularia and the turritellids. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 30: 80-86. Gould (1968) - Phenotypic reversion to ancestral form and habit in a marine snail. Nature 220: 804. Gould (1969) - Ecology and functional significance of uncoiling in Vermicularia spirata: an essay on gastropod form. Bulletin of Marine Science 19: 432-445. |
Date | |
Source | Vermicularia fargoi (Fargo's worm snail) (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/25649192900 (archive). It was reviewed on 22 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
22 October 2019
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Date and time of data generation | 21:05, 17 December 2012 |
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File change date and time | 22:48, 20 March 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 21:05, 17 December 2012 |
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Date metadata was last modified | 16:48, 20 March 2016 |
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