File:Trona (Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene; Blacks Fork Mine, near Granger, Wyoming, USA) 1 (48997441483).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionTrona (Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene; Blacks Fork Mine, near Granger, Wyoming, USA) 1 (48997441483).jpg |
Trona from the Eocene of Wyoming, USA. (~10.7 centimeters across along the base) The Green River Formation of Utah-Colorado-Wyoming is a widespread, Eocene-aged lake deposit. It is famous for having vast oil shale deposits and containing exquisitely-preserved fossils. The Green River also contains the world's largest sodium carbonate evaporite deposit, in the form of thick trona beds. Trona is a scarce hydrous sodium bicarbonate-carbonate mineral - Na3(HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O. It is an evaporite mineral, formed by the evaporation of water and the precipitation of dissolved minerals. Most evaporites form when restricted ocean basins dry out, leaving behind rock salt, rock anhydrite, and rock gypsum. Trona is a nonmarine evaporite mineral. This specimen is from a trona horizon formed when water in ancient Lake Gosiute evaporated. The lake existed during the Early Eocene in southwestern Wyoming. As climate cycled from non-arid to arid, the lake's water levels waxed and waned. During times of significantly dry climate, the lake shrunk in size, became highly saline and highly alkaline, and dried out, resulting in alkaline evaporite deposits. Green River trona beds have economic significance and are mined at several sites in Wyoming. The trona is processed and made into "soda ash", which has multiple uses in society. Stratigraphy: thin trona bed (encountered in shaft sinking) above an actively mined trona horizon, Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene, ~49.9 to 51.5 Ma Locality: Texasgulf's Blacks Fork Trona Mine, northeast of the town of Granger, western Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 40' 22.60" North latitude, 109° 53' 55.10" West longitude) See info. at: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_River_Formation" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_River_Formation</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate#Applications" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate#Applications</a> |
Date | |
Source | Trona (Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Lower Eocene; Blacks Fork Mine, near Granger, Wyoming, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/48997441483. It was reviewed on 6 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 December 2019
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current | 02:05, 6 December 2019 | 3,904 × 2,031 (5.62 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:57, 1 November 2019 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 17:49, 1 November 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:57, 1 November 2019 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.96875 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 13:49, 1 November 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | DFB05F006042E939F66A2E0AFF7ABE2D |