File:Transactions (1871) (14598190849).jpg

Identifier: transactionsmining44amer (find matches)
Title: Transactions
Year: 1871 (1870s)
Authors: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
Subjects: Mineral industries
Publisher: New York (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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id by being well below its freezingpoint at the time of the freezing of the eutectic, can prevent theformation of large plates of the latter, which, if formed, acton the mass as a whole like gigantic cleavage-planes. Thefurther the carbon-content of the whole is below the eutecticratio, the earlier must be the freezing of the austenite, and thegreater its quantity before the formation of the eutectic canbegin. Therefore, the more powerful will it be in preventing 330 EFFECT OF HIGH CARBON ON CHARCOAL-IRON. the formation of the huge plates of eutectic when the eutecticfreezing-point is reached, while the quantity of the latter whichcan form is diminished at a still more rapid rate. If this explanation be correct it is obvious that the cleavagecondition, visible to the naked eye, must be vastly more exten-sive in a hyper-eutectic spotted iron than in a hypo-eutecticone, and that it must extend to the very exterior of the pig inthe former, and be more and more restricted to the center as
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Fig. 2.—Typical Spotted Iron (No. 4). the carbon is lower in the latter. These conditions we tind infact to exist. The fracture of the iron at the exterior of thepig shown in Fig. 2 is not particularly high cleavage, whereas,the iron shown in Fig. 6 is of most peculiar appearance. Thereare close-grained spots scattered all over its face, not perfectlywhite, but visible to the naked eye upon close examination asplates of solid white alternating with layers of gray; in other EFFECT OF HIGH CARBON OX CHARCOAL-IROK. 331 %itm Fig. 3.—White Torti )x of Fig. 2.Etched. Magnified 70 Diamkters.

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