File:Transactions (1871) (14581479538).jpg

Identifier: transactionsmining35amer (find matches)
Title: Transactions
Year: 1871 (1870s)
Authors: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
Subjects: Mineral industries
Publisher: New York (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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Text Appearing Before Image:
ected by two parallel planes, atright angles to the major axis, one constituting the base, and theother cutting off a portion of the upper end. Attached to thetruncated portion is an inverted conoidal projection, CBB C,a continuation of the part below, the upper diameter of whichis about equal to that of the main body of the figure as meas-ured at the mouth of the orifice. The extreme upper part ofthe figure gradually fades away until it becomes invisible, whilethat portion of the conoid below reaches a point where it ismost clearly defined, i.e., at the junction of the two parts B Br/.At this place a well-defined band (B E B D) is visible, whichexpands and contracts with the slightest change in pressure ofthe flowing gas. It resembles to a marked degree a small,transparent, elastic band, suspended in mid-air, and caused toexpand and contract by some invisible force. Viewed under favorable conditions, these figures resembleremarkably the form of an old-fashioned porcelain egg-cup, ex-
Text Appearing After Image:
C B B C, A B B A, and united at the plane of constriction B E B D,form the figure (marked X) for highest pressure and volume given. As thesediminish, the figure passes through the forms A W C C O A7 (marked Y) andA B/7/ L M 0 A7 (marked Z), and finally disappears into P. Fig. 2.—Flowage-Figures at Different Pressures and Volume-. 7 Hi NOTES ON THE PLOW 01 GAS FROM ORIFICES. cept that the sides, C C, of the upper part are concave and notconvex (as in the egg-CUp). Such a cup, made of glass, andplaced, small end up, in a glass cylinder full of water, wouldclosely resemble in appearance the figures here described—thediffering refractive power of the water and the glass producingan effect like that which distinguishes the figures under favora-ble conditions. When observed in a well of small capacity (say, with a 2-in.orifice) the phantom figure appears with the first rush of gasand the band is distended to the diameter of 0.5 or 0.75 in.(depending largely on the size of pipe and the p

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