File:Topi, Maasai Mara (46196374375).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionTopi, Maasai Mara (46196374375).jpg |
The topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. They are found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. Topi resemble hartebeest but have a darker coloration and lack sharply angled horns. They have elongated heads, a distinct hump at the base of the neck, and reddish brown bodies with dark purple patchings on their upper legs. They also have a mask-like dark coloration on the face. Their horns are ringed and lyrate shaped. Their coats are made of short, shiny hairs. They range in mass from 68 to 160 kg (150 to 353 lb). Head-and-body length can range from 150 to 210 cm (59 to 83 in) and the tail measures 40–60 cm (16–24 in). They are a tall species, ranging in height from 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 in) at the shoulder.[5][6] Males tend to be larger and darker than females. Topi also have preorbital glands that secrete clear oil and the front legs have hoof glands. The topi has a long but patchy distribution, as it prefers certain grasslands in arid and savanna biomes. Human hunting and habitat destruction have further isolated their population. Topi live primarily in grassland habitats ranging from treeless plains to savannas. In ecotone habitats between woodlands and open grasslands, they stay along the edge using the shade in hot weather. They prefer pastures with green grass that is medium in height with leaf-like swards. Topis are more densely populated in areas where green plants last into the dry season, particularly near water. The topi is a selective feeder and uses its elongated muzzle and flexible lips to forage for the freshest plants. When foraging for food, topi tend to take small bites at a fast rate. Topi generally frequent flat lowlands and at elevations below 1500 m. When they have access to enough green vegetation, topi usually do not have to drink. They drink more when relying on dry grass. Topi use vantage points, such as termite mounds, to get a good look at their surroundings. Topi are usually either numerous or absent in an area. Scattered populations do not last long and either increase or die off. The health of topis in a population depends on access to green vegetation. Herds of topi migrate between pastures. Predators of topi include lions and spotted hyenas, with jackals being predators of newborns. They are especially targeted by hyenas.Nevertheless, topi tend to have a low predation rate when other species are present. The topi is currently classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topi" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topi</a> |
Date | |
Source | Topi, Maasai Mara |
Author | Ray in Manila |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ray in Manila at https://flickr.com/photos/21186555@N07/46196374375 (archive). It was reviewed on 6 August 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 August 2019
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 650D |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:56, 3 July 2018 |
Lens focal length | 55 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic 7.3.1 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 15:52, 16 February 2019 |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:56, 3 July 2018 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.965784 |
APEX aperture | 4.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,798.6577181208 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,788.9447236181 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Serial number of camera | 123013012048 |
Lens used | EF-S55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II |
Rating (out of 5) | 4 |
Date metadata was last modified | 23:52, 16 February 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | 99D37AEDDC517979774A90FE8E2E1425 |
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IIM version | 4 |