File:Tile with Undulating Vine Scrolls - Bursa (Turkey) - 15th century - MET - Inventory number 1998.246.jpg
Original file (4,000 × 2,995 pixels, file size: 2.5 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]Tile with Undulating Vine Scrolls - Bursa (Turkey) - 15th century - MET - Inventory number 1998.246 ( ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title |
Tile with Undulating Vine Scrolls - Bursa (Turkey) - 15th century - MET - Inventory number 1998.246 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Description |
ceramics ; Tile |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Date | A.H. 824/ A.D. 1421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium | Tempered earthenware; molded; polychrome glazed within black wax resist outlines (cuerda seca technique); gilded | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dimensions | H. 11 1/2 in. (29 cm) W. 6 3/4 in. (17.2 cm) D. 1 1/2 in. (3.8 cm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Collection |
institution QS:P195,Q160236 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Current location |
Islamic Art, gallery 460 (Ottoman art) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Accession number |
1998.246 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Place of creation | Bursa (Turkey) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Object history | Yesil Türbe, tomb of Sultan Mehmed I, Bursa, Turkey(early 15th century–at least 1855); Private Collection, England; [ Momtaz Islamic Art, until 1998; sold to MMA] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exhibition history | New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Nature of Islamic Ornament Part II: Vegetal Patterns," September 10, 1998–January 10, 1999, no catalogue. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit line | Purchase, Friends of Islamic Art Gifts, 1998 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes |
Ottoman period This tile matches a border frieze adorning the portal of the tomb of Sultan Mehmed I (r. 1403–21) in Bursa, where monuments were badly damaged in an 1855 earthquake. It has a deeply carved pattern of lattices formed by pairs of undulating vine scrolls that meet at regular intervals along the centerline. The interlacing of the arabesque lattices is complex, but clarity is achieved through the use of different colored glazes. The tile predates the period, later in the fifteenth century, of widespread Chinese influence on Ottoman Turkish ceramics. In its deep relief and choice of colors, it exhibits similarities to tiles of Timurid Central Asia dating from the late fourteenth century, a resemblance probably explained by the documented presence of Persian tileworkers in Bursa at that time. Four deeply molded interlaces of foliated scrolls, which lie along a central axis, embellish this polychrome-glazed border tile. The sophisticated rendering of the design was achieved through the use of a contrasting palette of white, turquoise, and dark blue with yellow and gold accents that highlight the axis of the ogee-shaped vine scrolls. This tile once belonged to a group that decorated a wall of the Green Tomb (Yeşil Turbe) in Bursa, the mausoleum of Sultan Mehmed I (r. 1413–21),[1] and matches the border friezes decorating the left side of the entrance portal of the tomb. Enriching the decorative program of the tomb, this interwoven pattern is used repeatedly along with tiles bearing similar patterns that cover other surfaces, such as the outer border friezes of the exterior windows and the columnar borders of the tomb’s mihrab. Tiles in this technique are among the earliest produced under Ottoman patronage. The decorative program of the Yeşil Turbe in Bursa was supervised by the designer Nakkaş ‘Ali, a native of Bursa who was trained in Timurid Samarqand (Transoxiana).[2] The tilework has been attributed to the Masters of Tabriz based on an inscription on the mosque’s mihrab. The vertical arabesque design of the tiles as well as the entire decorative repertoire of the tomb exhibit affinities with Iranian tilework of the same period.[3] Tilework techniques used in the complex built for Mehmed I include tile mosaic, monochrome tiles, polychrome tiles in the cuerda seca technique, and carved and molded tiles. Such a rich variety of techniques and patterns—including polygonal, vegetal, calligraphic, and three-dimensional decorations—provides the tomb complex with a unique and somewhat eclectic character that exploits the full range of contemporaneous tilework. Furthermore, the tile’s deeply molded decoration, which parallels that of tiles from fourteenth-century Kashan and Timurid Central Asia, demonstrates the complexity and universality of the decorative repertoire. The connection to Iran and Central Asia can be explained by the fact that either foreign ceramic artisans were brought to Bursa, where they worked in their native idioms, or local artists such as Nakkaş ‘Ali went there and learned new techniques, enriching the production in Bursa. Other tiles and tile elements from this tomb complex with the same technical and stylistic characteristics as the Metropolitan’s example are preserved at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London[4] and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[5] Maryam Ekhtiar and Ayse Pinar Gokpinar in [Ekhtiar, Soucek, Canby, and Haidar 2011] Footnotes: 1. The tomb was a part of larger complex of a mosque and other buildings (an imarethane and a medrese) that were built between 1419 and 1424 to commemorate the revival of the Ottoman Empire right after Timur’s defeat of Bayezid I in 1401. 2. According to Tashköprüzade, a sixteenth-century Ottoman biographer, ‘Ali ibn İlyas ‘Ali was a native of Bursa and was carried off to Transoxiana by Timur. See Ahmad Tashköprüzade. Al-Shaqa’iq al-Nu‘maniyya fi ulama’ al-daula al-‘uthmaniyya. Edited by Ahmet Subhi Furat. Istanbul, 1985, p. 437, as cited in Necipoğlu, Gülru. "From International Timurid to Ottoman: A Change of Taste in Sixteenth-Century Ceramic Tiles." Muqarnas 7 (1990), p. 136. 3. For more on the mihrab inscriptions of the Yeşil Mosque, see Riefstahl, Rudolf Meyer. "Early Turkish Tile Revetments in Edirne." Ars Islamica 4 (1937), pp. 249–81. For more on the Timurid connections with the tilework of the Yeşil Mosque and Yeşil Turbe, see Carswell 1998; Denny 2004; Necipoğlu 1990 (see footnote 2); and O’Kane 1987, pp. 64–72. 4. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (nos. 1617–1892, 1620–1892, and 1621:1-2-3). 5. The lower part of a muqarnas panel is in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (no. M.85.237.79). The technique of this tile’s molded relief decoration is similar to that of another tile in the same collection (no. M.73.5.1), probably from Kashan and assigned to the early fourteenth century. ( copy from : http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/453563 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
References |
http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/453563 O'Kane, Bernard. Timurid Architecture in Khurasan. Islamic art and architecture, Vol. 3. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1987. pp. 64–72. Carboni, Stefano, Daniel Walker, and J. Kenneth Moore. "Recent Acquisitions: A Selection, 1997–1998; Islam." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., vol. 57, no. 2 (1998-1999). p. 10, ill. (color). Cardwell, John. Iznik pottery. London: British Museum Press, 1998. Denny, Walter B. Iznik: the Artistry of Ottoman Ceramics. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Ekhtiar, Maryam, Sheila R. Canby, Navina Haidar, and Priscilla P. Soucek, ed. Masterpieces from the Department of Islamic Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1st ed. ed. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. no. 216, pp. 307-308, ill. p. 398 (color |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Source/Photographer | http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/is/original/DP217234.jpg |
Licensing
[edit]This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 13:13, 1 May 2017 | 4,000 × 2,995 (2.5 MB) | Ted1968 (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on el.wikipedia.org
- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Usage on es.wikipedia.org
- Usage on sl.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Date and time of data generation | 15:01, 8 July 2009 |
---|---|
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Image title | |
Copyright holder | |
Short title |
|
Orientation | Rotated 90° CW |
Image width | 4,992 px |
Image height | 6,666 px |
Bits per component |
|
Compression scheme | Uncompressed |
Height | 6,666 px |
Width | 4,992 px |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:01, 8 July 2009 |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS3 Macintosh |
Date metadata was last modified | 01:36, 30 August 2011 |
File change date and time | 11:47, 8 July 2009 |
Copyright status | Copyright status not set |