File:The strength and stiffness of steel under bi-axial loading (1916) (14765737875).jpg

Identifier: strengthstiffnes01beck (find matches)
Title: The strength and stiffness of steel under bi-axial loading
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Becker, Albert John, 1877-
Subjects: Steel
Publisher: (Urbana)
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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two threaded portions were separated by about an inch of metalwhich served to retain the water under pressure in the tube. Thesecastings are shown in Fig. 11. To withstand the water pressure, two layers of %-in. hydraulicpacking were used in an ordinary four-screw stuffing box. The headswere recessed to receive the packing and the gland, while the tube wallswere left nearly full thickness for about an inch beyond the threads tofurnish a firm bearing for the packing. After the packing was ad-justed to position there were no perceptible leaks although pressuresup to 1,800 lb. per sq. in. were used. Fig. 11 shows the general arrange-ment of the apparatus for the tension tests. All the tests except the torsion tests were made in the 600,000-lb.Riehle machine of the Laboratory of Applied Mechanics of the Uni-versity of Illinois. By using spherical seats with careful centering ofthe specimens in the machine, the eccentricity of loading was reduced 26 ILLIXOIS EXGIXEERING EXPERIMEXT STATIOX
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Fig. 11. View Showing Arrangement of Apparatus for Tension Test. BECKER STEEL UNDER BIAXIAL LOADING 27 to a minimum and the bending stresses were low as shown by the uni-formity of the individual stress-strain diagrams. In the tension teststhe nuts of the 4-in. bars bore directly against the spherical seats, thelower one being inverted. For the compression tests the bars were re-moved and the tube heads bore directly against the spherical seats and theupper spherical seat was inverted. The length of thread on the specimenstended to give a good distribution of load and the distance of the first gagehole from the end of the thin part of the wall (6I/2 in.) together with thethinness of the wall itself, were sufficient to insure a high degree of uni-formity of stress. Holes were drilled into each head to connect into theinterior of the tube; the hole in the lower head was for connection to thepump and the hole in the upper head was for the purpose of filling the tubewith water. Each hole

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