File:The physiology and hygiene of the house in which we live (1887) (14781672705).jpg

Identifier: physiologyhygien00hatf (find matches)
Title: The physiology and hygiene of the house in which we live
Year: 1887 (1880s)
Authors: Hatfield, Marcus P. (Marcus Patten), 1849-1909
Subjects: Physiology Hygiene
Publisher: New York : Chautauqua Press
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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whatever pure atmosphere we are placed. Up and down the windpipe a current and return currentof air need to pass fifteen to eighteen times a minute,and oftener if we are children, or if for any reason respira-tion is imperfectly done. As easy as breathing is a fre-quent simile, but a sufferer from asthma or pneumonia tellsa very different story. With them existence requires a ter-rible struggle with asphyxia—the doctors term for a lackof air and its resulting imperfect aeration of the blood, pre-viously described in this chapter. This aeration requires,in addition to the nose and ^windpipe, the aid, of the lungs,which are continuous with the windpipe, and are inclosedeach in a tough, closed sac, known as the pleura (plural 156 Physiology and Hygiene. plurne). The two pleurre, as may be seen from the annexedcut, do not meet except at one point in front. This leavesan interspace between them, called the mediastinum, and inthis mediastinum are held all of the viscera of the thorax ex-
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cept the lungs. In the cavity of the pleura? we find thelungs, which extend from one to one and a half inches abovethe collar bones to the diaphragm, or from the root of theneck to the sixth and seventh ribs. The broad concave basesof the lungs rest upon the convex surface of the diaphragm,the thin lower edges of the lungs fitting accurately into thewedge-like space between the ribs and the diaphragm. Thelungs are of unequal size, somewhat conical in shape, and liein the right and left sides of the thorax respectively, the baseof the right lung being considerably hollowed out by thebulging upward of the liver, which projects upward as far asthe fifth rib; the base of the left lung is also concave, thoughto a less degree, by the upward projection of the stomach,spleen, and left lobe of the liver. The right lung is some-what larger and broader, owing to the location of the heart.The right lung weighs about two ounces more than the left Sewerage and Ventilation. 157 lung, and is nearly t

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