File:The perfect sphere.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionThe perfect sphere.jpg |
English: Protoplasts are plant cells deprived of the cell wall thanks to the combined action of the cellulase and pectinase enzymes. The protoplast in the photo, isolated from the foliar mesophyll of a tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum), takes on a spherical shape being devoid of the rigid wall but is still able to perform normal metabolic functions. Particular attention must be paid to the osmotic pressure of the culture medium which must be isotonic with the cellular environment to avoid protoplast rupture.
Protoplasts can be manipulated with different cellular and molecular engineering techniques. Through their fusion, for example, it is possible to obtain the so-called somatic and c-hybrid hybrids that are used in genetic improvement techniques. (Differential interference contrast optical microscope, 400 x). |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Massimo Vischi |
Licensing
[edit]I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Science Competition 2019. |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 15:11, 12 December 2019 | 4,724 × 2,362 (1.99 MB) | Visma21 (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D100 |
Exposure time | 2/5 sec (0.4) |
F-number | f/0 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:31, 9 November 2004 |
Lens focal length | 0 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Windows Photo Editor 10.0.10011.16384 |
File change date and time | 18:13, 29 November 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:31, 9 November 2004 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 0 APEX (f/1) |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 0 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Unknown |