File:The life history and bionomics of some North American ticks (1912) (14584803810).jpg

Identifier: lifehistorybiono106hook (find matches)
Title: The life history and bionomics of some North American ticks
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Hooker, W. A. (William Anson), 1877- Bishopp, F. C. (Fred Corry), 1884-1970 Wood, H. P. (Herbert Poland), 1883-1925 Hunter, W. D. (Walter David), 1875-1925
Subjects: Ticks
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology
Contributing Library: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library
Digitizing Sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library

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rded from Pennsylvaniaby Neumann may prove to be this species. Some 12 female speci-mens collected from Felis partialis in Costa Rica and determined byNeumann as Ixodes affinis have been identified by Mr. Nathan Banksas I. scapularis. Mr. E. A. Schwarz took a male and female when hewas beating hanging vines in heavy timber, a short distance westof Tampico, Mcx. LIFE HISTORY. But little has previously been published on the biology of thisspecies. The egg.—Two engorged females which were collected at Haw-thorn, Fla., on December 21, 1907, and sent to the laboratory, com-menced depositing, one on January 5, the other on January 6; 15 and 78 LIFE HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICAN TICKS. 16 days, respectively, after collection. The eggs deposited were notcounted, but it was estimated that at least 3,000 had been depositedby one of the ticks. A well-engorged female collected on a cow atDallas, Tex., November 24, 1908, began depositing on December 11,thus having a preoviposition period of 17 days.
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Fig. 3.—The black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis: Distribution in the United States. The large dotsshow localities where the species has been collected in our investigation. The small dots indicatethe probable range of the tick. (Original.) In the laboratory at a mean temperature of 61° F., eggs depositedJanuary 6 commenced hatching on March 17, an incubation period of72 days. An accumulated effective temperature of 1,318° F. wasrequired for their incubation. THE BLACK-LEGGED TICK. 79 The larva (Tables XVI, XVII).—Larvae which hatched in Marchhave lived for 2\ months in the laboratory and then attached to abovine and engorged. Their longevity is undoubtedly considerablylonger than this period. Larvae were found to engorge and leave the host as soon as 3 daysafter application, the longest period required being 9 day-.Table XVI.—Engorgement of larvae of Ixodes scapular is. Date larvae applied. Larvae dropped engorged—days fol-lowing application. Host. ; 8 9 0 0 0 22 3 1 0 0 0

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