File:The guardians of the Columbia, Mount Hood, Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens (1912) (14783296035).jpg

Identifier: guardiansofcolum00wi (find matches)
Title: The guardians of the Columbia, Mount Hood, Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Williams, John H. (John Harvey), b. 1864
Subjects:
Publisher: Tacoma, J.H. Williams
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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and riven, to be cross-sec-tioned again by the new riversas they cut new canyons in drain-ing the new lakes. Most im-portant of all, outflows of meltedrock, pouring from fissures in thechanging earth-folds, spread vast HOTOS COPYRIGHT, KISER 28 THE GUARDIANS OF THE COLUMBIA sheets of basalt, trap and andesite over most of the interior. Innumerablecraters build cones of lava and scoriae along the Cascade uptilt, and scatterclouds of volcanic ashes upon the steady sea winds, to blanket the countryfor hundreds of miles with deep layers of future soil. A reign of ice follows the era of tropic heat. Stupendous glaciers grindthe volcanic rocks, and carving new valleys, endow them with fertility fornew forests that will rise where once the palm forests stood. With advancingage, the earth grows cold and quiet, awakening only to an occasional volcaniceruption or earthquake as a reminder of former violence. The dawn of historyapproaches. The country slowly takes on its present shape. Landscape
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View from the cliffs at Multnomah Falls (seen on right). Castle Rock is in distance on north side. changes are henceforth the work of milder forces, erosion by streams andremnant glaciers. Man appears. Throughout the cycles of convulsion and revolution which we have wit-nessed from our eyrie in the clouds, the vital and increasing influence in thebuilding of the Northwest has been the Cascade upfold. First, it merely shutsin a piece of the Pacific. Rising higher, its condensation of the moist oceanwind feeds the thousand streams that convert the inland seas thus enclosedfrom salt to fresh water, and furnish the silt deposited over their floors. Thefractures and faults resulting from its uptilting spread an empire with some ofthe largest lava flows in geological history. It pushes its snow-covered volcanoes

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