File:The farmer his own builder - a guide and reference book for the construction of dwellings, barns and other farm buildings, together with their utilities, describing reliable methods, offering (14597008087).jpg

Identifier: farmerhisownbuil00robe (find matches)
Title: The farmer his own builder : a guide and reference book for the construction of dwellings, barns and other farm buildings, together with their utilities, describing reliable methods, offering practical suggestions, presenting numerous details and formulas, and explaining simple rules for estimating the labor and materials required. With special reference to concrete and carpentry
Year: 1918 (1910s)
Authors: Roberts, H. Armstrong (Howard Armstrong), 1885-1947
Subjects: Farm buildings
Publisher: Philadelphia : D. McKay
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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are only asstrong as the thickness of the material in the tenons,when it comes to shearing stresses, many of the old tim-ber frames are not so strong as they appear. To return to the subject of splices, if there is no greatstrain on a piece of timber and, for example, it is merelybeing used as a brace for temporary work, it may bepieced or spliced as shown in Fig. 40. If a splice isintended to resist compression alone, as in the case ofthe uprights to a scaffolding, the two parts are cutsquarely and placed end to end, as shown in Fig. 42,and held in place by a couple of pieces (C, C), calledfish plates, hence the name fished splice. For ordinary work the fish plates are nailed on op-posite sides to keep the uprights in line. On heavywork they may be bolted. If for any reason it isfound impracticable to have any projection, such asthe fish plates, the timbers may be spliced together,as shown in Fig. 46. This is called a keyed splice.The members A and B are scarfed on a bevel, as indi-
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FRAMING 101 cated in diagram, and then held snugly together bymeans of a hardwood key, I). Needless to add that veryprecise workmanship is required for this splice, or itfails to develop the desired strength. FRAMING THE SUPERSTRUCTURE After the building has been laid out, and the batterboards are set up, and while the masons are construct-ing the cellar walls and foundations, the carpenterscommence the framing of the superstructure. Thisconsists in preparing the skeleton, or framework, uponwhich the covering is placed, and later the utilitiesand conveniences are added, perhaps ornamental fea-tures, as in the case of a dwelling. And as the skeletonis the most essential part of the human body, in pointof strength at least, so is the frame the most importantpart of a building, and upon which its future usefulnessand durability depend. SILL The first part of the frame of a wooden structureto be set in place is the sill, which rests on the top of thecellar wall or foundation and extends a

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