File:The diseases of infancy and childhood (1910) (14577323569).jpg

Identifier: diseasesofinfa00kopl (find matches)
Title: The diseases of infancy and childhood
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: Koplik, Henry, 1858- (from old catalog)
Subjects: Children
Publisher: New York and Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ystagmus maybe exhibited around a horizontal or vertical axis of the eyeball, or itmay show itself in a rotary oscillation of the globe. It is mademanifest in infants by causing them to focus some bright object,held slightly above and to one side of the head. The Chest.—Position of the Patient.—An infant should be so heldfor examination that the examiner and the patient may be at ease.Being undressed, with the thorax exposed, the infant is first held by METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 41 the attendant with the head looking over her shoulder, in whichposition the arms instinctively clasp her neck (Fig. 3). The patientso placed does not see the examiner. The spine should be straight,so that in percussing the sound is obtained on both sides under thesame conditions. To examine the chest anteriorly, the infant isheld looking forward, the anterior aspect of the thorax facing theexaminer. If it is able to sit up, it may be examined in the sittingposture, both anteriorly and posteriorly. Fig. 3.
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Method of holding the infant for the examination of the posterior portion of the chest and lungs. With older children it is best to make an examination with thepatient sitting upon a table or chair in a position convenient ro theexaminer. If confined to bed, the child must be examined in bed.As a rule, however, it is preferable to have the patient taken oul ofbed into the light. Infants and children sometimes try to grasp the instruments of theexaminev; gentle suasion will reassure them, force is never necessary. Instruments Used.- Stethoscope. A stethoscope is absolutely es- 42 INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. sential to the proper examination of the chest of an infant or child.This method is called mediate examination. We can by its meansassure ourselves that the whole area of the chest has been carefullyinvestigated. Examination by the ear—the immediate method—isuncertain. A small area of bronchopneumonia may easily escapedetection in infants and children of tender age, in whom the axill

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