File:The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus. containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of (14564209627).jpg

Identifier: animalkingdomorz00linn (find matches)
Title: The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus. containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young
Year: 1792 (1790s)
Authors: Linné, Carl von, 1707-1778 Gmelin, Johann Friedrich, 1748-1804 Kerr, Robert, 1755-1813 Archer, J., fl. 1792, engraver Kinnear, G., former owner. DSI
Subjects: Mammals Birds
Publisher: Edinburgh : Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image:
ufed in ornithological defcriptions are numerous, and as it is of theutmoft confequence to the ftudent of natural hiftory to be thoroughly acquainted withthem, the following enumeration of fuch as are moft necefTary, with reference to theannexed engraving, may, it is hoped, be found of confiderable advantage. It is necef-fary to remark, that the length of .a bird is to be underftood as meafured along theback from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail; and that by extent is meantthe meafure between the tips of the wings when fully extended : The under parts ofthe body are the breaft, belly, and under furface of the rump ; the upper parts are theback and rump, fometimes including the upper furface of the wings and tail, if thefeare not particularly defcribed ; and, with a fimilar refervation, the thighs, the underfurface of the tail and wings, and the fides under the wings, are fometimes included in Linnaeus; but this part of the introduction is altered by Gmelin.—T. V.l.//.-//.?
Text Appearing After Image:
> . ■ ■ ■ BIRDS. 4i5 in the general expreflion of under parts: In descriptions, efpecially fuch as are employ-ed for deftinclive characters of the fpecies and varieties, the words above and beneathare ufed, for fhortnefs, to denote the upper and under parts of the body when appliedgenerally; and fometimes they are employed particularly to fignify the upper or underfurfaces of the wings or tail; but in this lafl cafe that circumftance is always fpecified.When a bird is faid to be of a particular colour, it is to be underftood as expreffmgthe prevailing colour of the body, if particular parts be mentioned, as dhTerently co-loured ; otherwife the whole plumage is to be fuppofed of the fingle colour mention-ed.—T. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. Fig. 1. Shews a bird extended, on purpofe a. The upper mandible. to explain the principal parts of the head, b. The under mandible. body, wings, and tail. c. The tooth-like procefs. a. The baftard wing. d. The frontlet. b. The leffer coverts.

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