File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (1898) (14798696743).jpg

Identifier: quarterlyjourna541898geol (find matches)
Title: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London
Year: 1845 (1840s)
Authors: Geological Society of London
Subjects: Geology
Publisher: London (etc.)
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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feet in the centre, with a breadth of 12 to 15 feet. Its flooris slightly higher in the centre, and shows for most of its course,about i; feet from the walls, two cracks or fissures, 10 to 12 inchesdeep by 3 or 4 broad at the top; these follow very regularly itscourse. Near its end it opens, as does the other tunnel, into alarge chamber, and the angle at its end is likewise very acute. Thestructure of its walls, floor, and roof is the same as in the smallercave ; in no place, not even in the large chambers, is there any signof the walls or roof falling in in any way. The ropy appearance ofthe floor, its raised centre and general trend, show conclusively thedirection of the flow of lava along the tunnel. Examining thecontour of the land above, there is a distinct rise, running out for aconsiderable distance to the south-west, but signs of any directoutflow from this tunnel or any difference of the lava could not bedetected. An Hufhuf seems to be directly comparable to Mafiri, only the
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IDO . 1—1 w 0) OS1^ O ^3 » (O CO CO _ ^1O c 02 OQ Gi bJO > 2 11 O ^_> <D C ^ . J- . © © eaOS© •^ Ori4 o fl ® _ » GQ p .n .-j:^ o § s:S 5j O c3 cS (tS 5 £ &-2 ? I -fc3 £ Cm Vol. 54.) MR. J. S. aARDINER ON THE GEOLOGr OP KOTUMA. 9 pit is not situated at the top of a steep conical rise, but almost onthe flat. Its pit, too, is much broader at the top and not nearly sodeep. It has one long tunnel, out of which two caves run. Thefirst rises at once to some extent and then has a sudden drop of 16feet into a tunnel which proceeds almost at right angles to it, anddown which a lava-flow has coursed, of the same character as in thetunnels of Sol Mafiri. The second has its lava-flow into the maintuunel. The lava-beds in the neighbourhood of these two pits show manysmall caves or overhanging ledges, caused apparently by the lavaunderneath flowing away after the crust above has cooled. In oneplace just under Matiri is a circular pit about 3 feet across. It isabout 10 feet

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