File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (13860490194).jpg

PLIOCENE PERIOD IN ENGLAND.
19
that figure as occupied by the
chalky clay, but left these pebble-
capped eminences (Stock and Bil-
lericay in the figure, and Langdon,
Warley, Havering, South Weald,
Frierning, and other hills of South
Essex) exposed to the atmosphere,
has covered them with a bed of
clay-gravel four or five feet thick,
in which the pebbles (which in the
original beds, No. VIII. , rest hori-
zontally on their shorter axes) are
for the most part set up vertically
on their longer axes. An accurate
representation of a section at South
Weald showing this is in the Geol.
Survey Memoirs, vol. iv. p. 324.
By permission of the Council, I
give here, from a paper by Mr. \l.
N. Man tell in the sixth volume of
the Journal, a representation of a
cutting at Trowbridge, wherein the
Jurassic strata are enveloped by
this formation, in which Mr. Man-
tell says the bones of mammalia
occur. The site of this, which is
in the 1ST.W. of Sheet 14, was sea
during the formation of the Chalky
Clay, and is so represented in the
continuation of Map 2. The at-
mospheric-formation there can thus
be that of the minor glaciation
only.
The atmospheric formation thus
arising during the minor glacia-
tion is, it seems to me, also repre-
sented by the amorphous cave-
earth, which, sliding over the sur-
face, has penetrated the fissures
of the limestone in which the
caves occur*, and so entered the
caves, carrying with it the bones
not only of all animals which,
dying on the land, were preserved
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The Victoria Cave, near Settle, being
within the area of the land-ice of this
glaciation, is not filled with this amor-
phous earth, but with finely stratified
clay due to aqueous deposition, possibly
bv water from beneath the land-ice.
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