File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (13206085213).jpg

1847.. VICARY ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SINDE. 347
45° ; beneath this there are clay beds and sandstones, with which the
conglomerate often alternates. This range, holding the same cha-
racter, extends north and south of the Gauj river as far as my eye
could reach ; in some places it attains an elevation of from 600 to
800 feet above the plain. From its base to six, and in some places
eight miles, the broken-up conglomerate has been spread out, and
exhibits all the characters of an ancient beach.
Fig. 5.
West,
Raja Derah,
Talus of three and a half miles to Raja EJerah.
The valley of the Gauj at first is narrow, being little more than
sixty yards in breadth; further on it widens to near a mile, and
again contracts, thus forming a basin : this place was overgrown with
Tamarisk and Acacia trees, in which I found wild pigs most abundant.
The section at page 344, taken from Gaza-Peer to the crest of the Hala
Range, sufficiently explains the relative position of the beds at this
place, excepting the local modern tufa, which is not found here.
Following the course of the Gauj, I passed through the conglo-
merate ranges, and at 3^ miles came upon a cliff with a western
escarpment, about 400 feet in height and based on the Kurrachee
non-nummulitic rock (No. 6). This is on the left bank of the river.
I found here fossil bones in vast abundance ; the bones (as usual
much broken) were at this point chiefly those of the Crocodile. I
have remarked that the bone-beds (wherever the fossils abound) are
of a deep rubiginous tint. The fossils also partake of the same co-
lour, and as they strongly resemble the bones procured in such
abundance at Nahn, I am not without a hope that they will establish
a connexion between the conglomerate and sandstone (Sewalik) for-
mations flanking the base of the Himalaya and the conglomerate sand-
stones and bone-beds of Sinde. The cliff above-noted is crowned with
sandstone, about 150 feet in thickness ; beneath this there is a bone-
bed of the usual colour, about 60 feet in thickness ; next, descend-
ing, comes a sandstone-bed about the same thickness, and containing
some bones ; then a bed of clays of various colours, penetrated with
veins of gypsum, about 80 feet in thickness ; then the lower bone-
beds, of the usual rusty colour ; beneath this, marly clays containing
Turritellee, and a small bivalve in vast numbers ; broken pieces of
Placuna were also abundant. From this I crossed to the right bank
of the Gauj, and came upon the same formation, which is prolonged
in a southerly direction as far as I could see. The cliff is not so
high here as on the northern side of the river (to the course of which
it stands at a right angle). It is mural towards the west, and I
ascended it with much difficulty. The lowest visible rock here is
sandstone, upon which a bed of the rust-coloured rock rests, dipping
at from 35° to 40° to the east, and showing a strong contrast in
colour to the sandstone beneath. In it I found bones most abundant,