File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12645687395).jpg

116
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. .Dec. 17
of the north side of this hill, viz. Graptolites Sagittarius and a branch-
ing Graptolite. Tracks likewise are seen on the surfaces of some of
the more flaggy strata.
On their strike, the rocks of Keskadale and Aiken Knots extend
W.S.W. through Whiteless to the head of Crummock-water. At
Whiteless they have afforded Professor Sedgwick Graptolites latus
and Chondrites informis*. From their position, and the relation
which they have to the greenish-grey beds, the rocks of Keskadale
Knot and Aiken Knot are among the highest of the Skiddaw slate
series.
Fig. 2. — Section from Newlands to Sunderland (11 miles).
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5. Green slates and porphyries.
d. Carboniferous Limestone.
Northwards from the ridge just alluded to there occurs another,
of which Causey Pike forms the highest summit, and in which a
great development of slaty rocks is found. A short distance to
the north of Causey Pike, and forming the southern side of the
Coldale valley, is a lower ridge than that of which Causey Pike
forms a part.
A portion of this ridge is known under the name of Outerside, and
in its northern and more precipitous slope, facing Coldale, there is a
considerable development of " Screes " under a rocky escarjiment.
The lower portion of this escarpment consists of cleaved rocks, the
dip of the cleavage being N.W. Above these cleaved rocks flaggy
strata are seen, dipping S.S.E. 30°. Among the " Screes " derived from
the flaggy rocks fossils occur, and this is one of the localities among
the Skiddaw slate series which, both in quantity and variety, is most
prolific in organic remains. These fossils consist of Crustaceans,
several forms of Graptolites, including the branching form which is
seen at Keskadale, tube-like bodies apparently allied to the modern
Tereoella, and tracks.
East from this, at Hodgen-holm, near Portingscale, rocks of a flaggy
character also occur, which, besides dipping S.S.E. at a high angle
(60°), also contain evidences of animal life, usually in the form of
tracks.
The Coldale valley, which lies N". of Outerside, affords no satis-
factory dips among the strata, the rocks being for the most part of a
slaty nature. North of this valley, inclinations are seen among the

• Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. iv. p. 223.