File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12645216545).jpg

1849..
HAMILTON ON THE GEOLOGY OF ASIA MINOR.
'd()7
with them in immediate contact, so as to decide upon their degree of
conformabiHty or separation. All that I was enabled to observe be-
yond what I have just mentioned was, that in that which I assume to
be the oldest, the schistose beds abound in masses and veins of quartz,
and assume a more indurated and grauwacke-like appearance, the
limestone beds becoming at the same time more crystalline and of a
darker hue, and sometimes giving out a very foetid smell on being
struck or fractured, while those which belong to the newer formation
graduate upwards into a compact cream-coloured scaglia. They may
be described as follows : —
1 . The Lower Secondary, probably the representative of the Jurassic
or Oolitic system.
2. The Upper Secondary, probably corresponding with the Creta-
ceous system.
1. The Lower Secondary . — This formation consists of crystalline
limestone of various colours, sometimes associated with micaceous
schists, or with argillaceous and arenaceous beds penetrated by veins
of quartz ; the sandstones sometimes assume a compact and very grau-
wacke-like appearance, while the argillaceous beds are often altered into
jasper. In the limestone beds no traces of stratification are generally
visible, and no fossils were found in any of the beds attributed to
this system ; it occurs in the following localities : — generally speaking
the whole of the mountainous district which extends along the
southern shore of the Black Sea from Sinope to Samsim, and be-
tween it and the valleys of the Kizil Irmak and the Lycus, or rather
through which those rivers have forced their way, consists of this
crystalline limestone and its subordinate beds of sandstones, shales and
schists more or less altered according to their vicinity to the igneous
rocks (see fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Sandstone altered by underlying Trap. ^
a. Trap rocks. b. Altered sandstone. c. Micaceous sandstone.
At Boiavad the castle hill consists of this limestone associated with
beds of red and yellow talcose schists much contorted and in places
penetrated by veins of quartz (see fig. 2). The gorge of Kara tep«ih,
about ten miles east of Boiavad, is a narrow defile through the same
formation ; the hills are chiefly limestone, thick-bedded, black and