File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12511892755).jpg

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Fig. 3. — Diagram showing the anticlinal arrangement of the Salt-
rocks and the Strata lying above them.
1. Salt-marl.
2, 3 & 4. Shales and sandstones.
5. Productus-limestone.
6. Sandstones and shales.
" The salt-rock seems to me, observes the author, to be a breccia,
cemented by a gypseous matter. It is very tough, and weathers in a
most angular, rugged manner. The included masses of gypsum are
sometimes seen bent and twisted in a most extraordinary way. At one
or two of the salt-mines * the salt appears to be in a bed of great thick-
ness, but fissured and cracked, the fissures being filled up with marl.
The greater number, however, of the mines are confined to huge
detached masses of salt, which sometimes present horizontal, some-
times vertical, lines of stratification, depending on their position at
the time they were fixed in the consolidating gypseous paste."
Whilst at Kalabagh, in February 1851, Dr. A. Fleming examined,
for a distance of at least twelve miles, the range of hills which run
southwardly along the west bank of the Indus, and found there the
same Productus-limestone as at Moosakhail, resting on a thin bed of
red sandstone and red salt-marl, which just crops out here and there.
This range seems identical in structure with the Salt Range, and is
flanked on the western side by the same succession of incoherent
calcareous sandstone, clays, and marls as before noticed to the north
of the Salt Range. In the latest maps this range is well-marked
between Esakhail and Kalabagh, and doubtless the sandstones dip
under the plain of Bunnoo to rise again and abut on the Teree hills.
In his letter, dated March 1852, Dr. A. Fleming observes, that
indeed he has no doubt that a large part of the Sooliman Range is
formed of the Productus-limestone, as the range at Kaffir Kote
(where he has obtained Pi'oductus, Orthis, &c.) is only the com-
mencement of the Sooliman Range. At Kaffir Kote, however, the
nummulite limestone and Jurassic strata have thinned out, and the
ossiferous tertiaries rest directly and conformably on a bituminous
sandstone, a member of the Productus-limestone series ; this series,
as in the Salt Range, being based on the red sandstone, &c.
Between the rivers Jelum and Chenab is a level alluvial plain
covered with bush jungle. At Korana, however, about forty miles
S.S.E. of the Salt Range, and about ten miles from Chuniout on the
Chenab, there rise abruptly out of this alluvial plain a series of ridges

• For an account of the salt-mines, see Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xviii. p. 665.