File:The Iron and steel magazine (1898) (14778641731).jpg

Identifier: ironsteelmagazin11sauv (find matches)
Title: The Iron and steel magazine
Year: 1898 (1890s)
Authors: Sauveur, Albert, 1863-1939
Subjects: Metallography Iron Steel
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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on contents. Magnetite Magnetic iron ore, or magnetite (Fe304), contains in itspure state 72.41 per cent of iron and 27.59 per cent oxygen. Itis the richest of all ores. In pre-scientific days this ore waspopularly known as loadstone, meaning leading stone,from its power of acting as a magnet; hence the name magne-tite. In the lump form it is generally dense, hard and com-paratively free from the ordinarily adhering metalloids, whichaccounts for its extensive use in the manufacture of high-classtool steel and fine cutlery; the celebrated Dannemora iron usedin Sheffield was made from this ore. Magnetic iron ore is widelydistributed over the globe, and is indigenous to the archaicrocks in which no organic remains are found, thus accountingfor its characteristic freedom from phosphorus. It is some-times found in the shape of dark, iron-gray, cubical or octahedralcrystals, embedded in slaty rocks, but mostly in massive veinsas in Sweden and India. Desi riplivc Metallurgy of Iron and Sta I
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290 The Iron and Steel Magazine There was a time when tonnage steel-makers, especiallyin the United States, depreciated and almost despised magneticiron ores, even though they may be high grade and otherwiseperfect, because it had been found by experience that the hardmagnetic ores would not mix satisfactorily with the softhematite ores in the blast furnace, since they had differentfusion levels, and the former needed more fuel to dissociate thegangue and reduce the iron. The United States Steel Corpora-tion shut down all their magnetite mines simply because theycould make greater profit out of the more easily reduced andless costly hematites. But recently the exigencies of competi-tive trade in high-grade steels has led to the sending out of searchparties with dip-needle and stadia into every nook and corner ofthe earth. Hence, startling discoveries are constantly beingannounced. One day it is a solid mountain of iron in Mexico;another it is thousands of.millions of tons of magnetic,

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