File:The Diateichisma on the Pnyx and in the distance the Saronic Gulf and the island of Aegina, 27 April 2020.jpg

English: "The Diateichisma exhibits two major building phases as well as minor reconstructions and alterations. The first construction phase dates to the 4th century B.C. when the Athenians reinforced their walls following the battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.), in preparation of the imminent Macedonian threat. In 294 B.C., a small fortress was annexed to the Diateichisma. It was erected on the summit of the Muses' Hill for the protection of the Macedonian guard of Demetrius the Besieger. The second phase of the Diateichisma dates back to the middle of the 2nd century B.C., the decade of conflict between Athens and the Archaic confederacy...After the vindictive rampage of Sulla (86 B.C.), in the 1st century A.D., in Hadrian's time (2nd century A.D.) and in the time of Valerian (253-260 A.D.) restorations on the Diateichisma were made. In all likelihood, following the Herulian raid (267 A.D.)...the wall and the surrounding area were abandoned. At the time of emperor Justinian (527-565 A.D.), extensive repairs and reconstructions on the Diateichisma were carried out and new towers were constructed. At this period the Diateichisma functioned as an exterior defense, providing Athens with its third fortification wall: the castle of the Acropolis, the post-Roman wall, and the Themisticlean enclosure, part of which was the Diateichisma. The last works carried out on the Diateichisma on a minor scale date back to the 12th or early 13th century A.D." Text: Information board by the ruins of the Diateichisma on the Pnyx.