File:The California gray whale - papers presented at the California Gray Whale Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 21-22 August 1972 (1974) (20488402806).jpg

Title: The California gray whale : papers presented at the California Gray Whale Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 21-22 August 1972
Identifier: californiagraywh00sout (find matches)
Year: 1974 (1970s)
Authors: Southwest Fisheries Center (U. S. ); Naval Undersea Center; California Gray Whale Workshop (1972 : San Diego, CA); Hubbs, Carl L. (Carl Leavitt), 1894-1979; Evans, William Eugene, 1930-
Subjects: Gray whale; Gray whale -- Physiology; Gray whale -- Behavior
Publisher: Seattle, WA : National Marine Fisheries Service
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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RESULTS Figure 3 shows the Beg recorded from Gigi. In amplitude and form, it is similar to that seen in man. Figure 4 demonstrates that the inlluence of ventilation on the tracing is profound. In fact, during expiration and in- spiration reading the Beg is impossible. Figure 5 displays the Begs of three animals—a mouse, a man. and a whale. Their similarities are more striking than their differences. This similarity holds in spite of differences in body mass and form, amount and distribution of fat. and natural environment. Table 1 lists some measurements derived from the Bcg's of the mouse, man. and a whale. It also gives some fundamental values which are helpful in comparing the species. The Beg has been used to estimate cardiac output and stroke volume in several species. By using the Starr formula (Starr and Noordergraaf. 1967. p. 177-180) we estimated Gigi's stroke volume to be 7.2 I. and the cardiac output as .^08 1/min (Table I). DISCUSSION One of the major postulated objec- tions to the Beg is that the amount and distribution of body fat can con- siderably alter the recording. This did not seem to be the ease in Gigi. in spite of a 3'2 inch layer of blubber. It is true that the old direct- body Beg used in the 1950's was subject to influence by body fat. How- ever, the ultra low-frequency bed. by virtue of its light weight and strong coupling between subject and bed. has eliminated most of this inaccuracy. The fundamental natural frequency of the body ("bowl of jelly" phenom- enon alluded to by some in refer- ence to the Beg) does not depend on bod\ mass, amount of fat. or age (Burger. Noordergraaf. and Ver- hagen. 1953; Burger and Noorder- graaf. 1956; Talbot and Harrison. 1955; Tannenbaum. Vessell. and Schaek. 1956; Weissbaek. 1960a. 1960b; Tischenko. 1963). Some of
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Figure 2. — Gigi. Beg bed. man. and hoist. The accelerometer is being attached to the right side of the proximal pole. The truck was jammed against the retaining wall of the tank. A white rope strung across the tank supports the cables. the higher mode frequencies may depend on the amount and distribu- tion of body fat. A crucial factor in ballistocardiog- raphy is the orientation of the aorta in relation to the body. This is so because usually complexities have forced ballistocardiographers to record the Beg in one dimension, the head-foot direction, instead of the possible three dimensions and six degrees of freedom. Thus if the direction of ejection and runoff is different in different species, the com- parison would be difficult. The orienta- tion of the aorta seems to be no 11

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