File:The Andes of southern Peru, geographical reconnaissance along the seventy-third meridian (1916) (14759540196).jpg

Identifier: andesofsouthernp00 (find matches)
Title: The Andes of southern Peru, geographical reconnaissance along the seventy-third meridian
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Bowman, Isaiah, 1878-1950 American Geographical Society of New York
Subjects: Yale Peruvian Expedition (1911) Physical geography Geology Human geography
Publisher: (New York) Pub. for the American Geographical Society of New York by H. Holt and Company
Contributing Library: Wellesley College Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

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of civilization and the ex-tremes of circumstance. When the desert blooms the farmer ofthe Piura Valley in northwestern Peru turns shepherd and driveshis flocks of sheep and goats out into the short-lived pasturesof the great pampa on the west. In dry years he sends themeastward into the mountains. The forest Indian of the lower Uru-bamba is a fisherman while the river is low and lives in a reed hutbeside his cultivated patch of cane and yuca. When the floodscome he is driven to the higher ground in the hills where he hasanother cultivated patch of land and a rude shelter. To be sure,these are seasonal migrations, yet through them the country be-comes better known to each new generation of men. And eachgeneration supplies its pioneers, who drift into the remoter placeswhere population is scarce or altogether wanting. Dry years and extremely dry years may have opposite effects.When moderate dryness prevails the results may be endurable. r£ 4) be pd 2 +3 <*-4 V o ,d +3 TO m Ch -O IS
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THE COUNTRY OF THE SHEPHERDS 49 The oases become crowded with men and beasts just when theycan ill afford to support them. The alfalfa meadows become over-stocked, and cattle become lean and almost worthless. But thereis at least bare subsistence. By contrast, if extreme and pro-longed drought prevails, some of the people are driven forth tomore favored spots. At Vallenar in central Chile some of theworkmen in extreme years go up to the nitrate pampa; in wetyears they return. When the agents of the nitrate companies hearof hard times in a desert valley they offer employment to thestricken people. It not infrequently happens that when there aredroughts in desert Chile there are abundant rains in Argentinaon the other side of the Cordillera. There has therefore been formany generations an irregular and slight, though definite, shift-ing of population from one side of the mountains to the other asperiods of drought and periods of rain alternated in the tworegions. Some think there is sat

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