File:The Americana - a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world (1903) (14773349592).jpg

Identifier: americanaunivers15beac (find matches)
Title: The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world
Year: 1903 (1900s)
Authors: Beach, Frederick Converse, 1848-1918 Rines, George Edwin, 1860- Scientific American, inc
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : Scientific American compiling dept.
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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s effectually checked;but in 1811, the authorized coinage agam gettingscarce, the copper companies and others recom-menced the issue of batches of tokens. Thiswent on until 27 July 1817, when the manufacturewas prohibited by act of Parliament, and alltokens in currency ordered to be withdrawnfrom circulation by I Jan. 1818. In the United States small coins became soscarce in 1862 that tokens made their appear-ance in large quantities. They were of twoclasses, war or patriotic tokens, and trade oradvertisement tokens. Both kinds were issuedwith a mercantile view, since they passed fora cent and could be manufactured (in sufficientquantities) for much less. Cards and tokensappeared during 1862, 1863 and 1864. Of thepatriotic or war tokens there were somethinglike 400 varieties coined, including mulings anddifferent metals, the latter largely re-strikes. Oforiginal pairs of obverse and reverse there musthave been less than 200. The common varietiesbore the inscriptions Army and Navy, and
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ADMIRAL TOGO OF THE JAPANESE NAVY. TOKIO —TOLEDO Not One Cent. The first coinage of trade tokens, or store cards, as they were sometimes called, took place in Cincinnati where nearly 900 varieties were issued, fully three times as many varieties as any other city issued exceptNew York. A number of other western citiessoon followed the example of Cincinnati, but itwas not until tlie early part of 1863 that New York began to issue the famous Lindenmullercents, of which there were more than a million coined; these were followed by the Knicker-bocker tokens, consisting of many varieties.Altogether there were between 600 and 700varieties issued from New York. Ohio is-sued about 1,300 varieties from 100 different cities and towns, more than any other State issued; New York State comes next after Ohio,with over goo varieties. New Jersey had but few, and Pennsylvania not many; chiefly from Philadelphia and Pittsburg. Detroit furnished as many advertisers as New York, and the rest of Michigan nearly as m

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