File:The American farmer's instructor, or, Practical agriculturist (microform) - comprehending the cultivation of plants, the husbandry of the domestic animals, and the economy of the farm, together with a (17933522339).jpg

Title: The American farmer's instructor, or, Practical agriculturist (microform) : comprehending the cultivation of plants, the husbandry of the domestic animals, and the economy of the farm, together with a variety of information which will be found important to the farmer
Identifier: americanfarmersi148 (find matches)
Year: 1840 (1840s)
Authors: Wiggins, Francis S. , d. 1840
Subjects: Agriculture; Pennsylvania imprints; Pennsylvania imprints; Pennsylvania imprints
Publisher: Philadelphia : Orrin Rogers
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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■f. 344 REARING AND FEEDING OF ANIMALS. that the crass of a full fed symmetrical short-horn ox, incladed witl,;„ .v rectangle, is in length double I'ts depth, and its depth equal ,7itrfc^.« Hence, Figs. 2 and 3 are squares, and Figs. 1 and 4 each fwo similarsn?/,"'- placed in luxtaposition. The short-horn bull deviates from the r,de?„ nsmg of the neck, a dependence under the brisket, and a fulness of tA^ i. t vein; the cow only a little from the ox or heifer, in a thinness i^tt bmtol* and besides this, when aged, in an enlargement of the bellv anH .1 ^^' though not always, in a hoUowness in the lotns. The /Sm the'refnr. "/"/' short-horn breed is perfect according to the rnle "^ ' "**'^^""«' of ihe Pig. 4. REARING AND FEEDING OF ANIMALS. 345
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quhe ^uTntverv valnl^^^n'"^ "^ ^^^ '=> °» "eef, the short-horn ox i, ?ibs the sirloinJnH n li. P?«. such as along the back, including the fore i'^ittfneckZbHi=ri;fi•'■'•= """"«'"?• flanks, buttocks, and twist, and ^ars a due and evpn nr^nnnH"'";^*'""- '" '■=8"'l "> quality of beef, the fat a?e fine and well mlxP^JnS^'"*'"'^ P^"".""" '» "'e lean, the fibres of which The fine^hin rlZ hi-^f ,ri" """'J'^'^ ^" f". and abundantly juicy. theskiS and^he h^n.Vn „.^I , %'^1^ *" *«• ■»'"'» the soft mellow touch of hrdisDo.^tioni^te Jr- .f 'he eye, indicate in a remarkable degree, orbotTcoCniredT^;.^^^^^ "f'he skin, redorwlite, or Doth, commixed in various degrees-bare, cream-coloured skin on the nose and around the eyes, and fine tapering white or light-coloured horns m,rt- distmctly the purity of the blood.'^ ThI points of bloSd and quality aTd'q^tf, myol beef, apply equally to the bull, the cow, and the hei?er, as'to the ox Combining al these properties of points and fom, we shall find that the shoru horn breed '"u^lrates, in a very satisfactory manner, the applcaiion of ^he general rule which has been explained. On account of its valuable proper- ties, this breed demands further illustration 'aiuuuic proper The external appearance of the short-horn breed is irresistibly attractive ^ 'h fi"""A'^ symmetrical form of the bodv in every position, bedecked with a skin of the richest hues of red and the richest wftite, approachfn^ to cream, on both colours, so arranged or commixed as to form a beautiful fleck ciean lil^TjwrntP Hk^fh "^ ^"^""-f, touch-supported on sLll Clean limDs, showing like those ot the race-horse and the grev-hound the union 0 strerig.h with fineness; and ornamented with a .smalf Ten "thv taper- ing head, neatly set on a broad firm deep neck, and furnished with a smaU muzzle wide nostrils, prominent "mildly beaming" eyes, thin lar'e vdnv ears set near the crown of the head, and protected il front with semi arcu^r- Ln" "; I ■L'i'/r"'?'^'"'"""1^*"'"' (^"^^ "'« name,) smooth poTnted homs,-all these .several parts combine lo form a symmetrical harmonV which dome.sticated'o.r'"^ '" "'""^ "^ sweetnes/by any other spec?^s of the Enthusiastic as this language may be considered When applied to the exter- nal beauty of cattle it is not more .so than the beauty of c"atlle is ent!tLd I • itwn^rof iuch"in1ri" 'rr':^ 5 f""" gen/rali;accomp^n e mel-' on to faiiPn ,h^ "^e .skin, and that both constitute the true index to a dispo- it on to (at en, the most useful property of all. beauty of external appearance IS 00 valuable a criterion to be overloJke.l. Fortunately indeed beautv can not be overlooked in cattle: for even were it useless it^is so !rresist^bk^en' fale"";o'thi;i:';i"f""'"^'°" ■^'°= "'""'^ ^^ *-^^'» ^n "s favour ""t'o my wXni.'jfrrin'i^gVrdirn.^ ^""'^'^'^ °^ '"^ ^'"" - -^ «'^- °f fi- The Herefords are of tlie larger class of oxen—of a red colour, while faces, and more or less of white on other parts -tine hair—thin hides—horns neither long nor short, and in- clining upwards at the points. Mr. Marshall says, that in general they are well made in the hind quarters—wide across 'he hips, rumps and sirloin, but narrow in the chine—tolerably straight along the back—ribs too flat—thin in the thigh, and )one not too large. An ox, six years old, if fat, willweigh irom eight to fourteen hundred pounds. This and the Glou- mler variety^jt^ highly eligible as dairy stock, and the fe- males ot the Herefords have been found to fatten better at heiferr^'"'* °^' ^'^" ^"^ °"^^'"" °^ *^"^®' ^'"'^P' ^P'*^^^ Whatever may be the early history of the Hereford breed, t nas long since acquired characters peculiar to itself, and 'anKs as a distinct breed. But it owes its celebrity to recent fnlT^' c , S'-eat improver, or rather, it maybe said the ounder of the modern breed, was the late Mr. Tomkins, near cross u- J°'" ^ ^^""y *""nble stock of cows, by changes or osses, which he never chose to reveal, he succeeded in form- 's tne beautiful breed from which the modern Hereford takes Us characters. Although of a less agile form than the

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