File:Textile Museum of Oaxaca.jpg

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English: Building History


BUILDING HISTORY


The Textile Museum of Oaxaca is located on the property that was part of the garden of the former convent of Santo Domingo Soriano, the second Dominican building in the Americas, established in 1529. Later, it was dedicated to St. Paul, and attracted Nahuatl, Zapotec and Mixtec indigenous residents of the city when mass was served in the native languages.

Nahuatl, the language of central Mexico, had reached the Valley of Oaxaca with indigenous mercenaries who accompanied the Spanish conquistadors. At the beginning of the 17th century, the monastery was severely damaged by a series of earthquakes. The Dominicans were forced to rent and then sell part of their land to pay for its reconstruction thanks to the initiative of Fray Francisco de Burgoa, who was the most important chronicler and historian of colonial Oaxaca. The first owner of the subdivision where the museum is located today was Don Miguel de Bustamante, who built a simple adobe house on a single floor. Later, between 1764 and 1771 the property was purchased by the Spanish merchant and landowner Angel Antelo Bermudez, who made his fortune exporting cochineal. Don Angel demolished the adobe house to build a typical two-story baroque-style Oaxacan mansion, covering it with a green quarry facade and a beautiful carved door. The property was known during the 18th and 19th centuries as the Casa Antelo. In the mid-19th century, the building belonged to the Bethlehem Hospital, a charitable institution operated by the Brothers of Bethlehem. In 1862, during the liberal and anticlerical era, the house next door was demolished to build Benito Juárez Street (Fiallo today). But the former residence of Antelo retained its integrity until 1985 when it began to be demolished by its owner at the time (Simeon Martinez) which caused an outrage in the press. Then again in 2002, the real estate agency that had acquired the property destroyed the building’s interior.


A PROJECT IS BORN


In 2006, the Alfredo Harp Helú Foundation bought the Casa Antelo and the former convent of San Pablo as part of a larger project to save the historic enter of Oaxaca City to create cultural spaces. The former convent had followed a parallel history of secularization: in 1826, it became the second location of the Institute of Arts and Sciences (forerunner of the current Benito Juarez Autonomous University of Oaxaca). After a long process of subdividing and destruction, it is currently being restored to serve various functions associated with the Textile Museum of Oaxaca. In addition, it will also house the future Humanities and Native Languages Center.

The restoration and reconstruction project of the Casa Antelo started in 2007 under the direction of an interdisciplinary team, which involved architects, conservationists, historians, engineers and designers. Their objective was to preserve and consolidate the old buildings that remained standing, adapting the space to the needs of the Museum. At the same time, they built a contemporary building in the open space where the interior walls of the house had been recently demolished. Finally, the Chapel of the Rosary was added to the complex, which was part of the former convent of San Pablo. In this way, the Museum’s designers managed to preserve a significant architectural heritage site in colonial Oaxaca, while at the same time creating a functional space to house a contemporary museum.
Español: HISTORIA DEL EDIFICIO


El Museo Textil de Oaxaca está ubicado en el predio que fue parte de la huerta del antiguo convento de Santo Domingo Soriano, la segunda fundación dominica en América, establecida en el año de 1529. Dedicada posteriormente a San Pablo, allí recibían la prédica en náhuatl, zapoteco y mixteco los vecinos indígenas de la ciudad. El náhuatl, lengua del centro de México, había llegado al Valle de Oaxaca con los mercenarios indígenas que acompañaron a los conquistadores españoles. A inicios del siglo XVII, el convento sufrió graves daños debido a una serie de sismos y por tal motivo los dominicos se vieron forzados a rentar y luego vender parte de sus terrenos para costear su reconstrucción, por iniciativa de Fray Francisco de Burgoa, el principal cronista e historiador del período virreinal en Oaxaca.


El primer propietario de la subdivisión donde hoy se ubica el Museo fue don Miguel de Bustamante, quien construyó una casa sencilla de adobe de un solo piso. Posteriormente, entre 1764 y 1771 la propiedad fue comprada por el comerciante y hacendado español Ángel de Antelo y Bermúdez, quien hizo su fortuna exportando nada menos que grana, el tinte textil oaxaqueño por excelencia. Don Ángel demolió la casa de adobe para construir una típica casona barroca oaxaqueña de dos pisos, con la fachada de cantera verde y una hermosa puerta labrada. El inmueble fue conocido durante el siglo XVIII y XIX como la Casa Antelo.


A mediados del siglo XIX, el edificio pertenecía al Hospital de Belén, institución caritativa dirigida por los hermanos betlemitas. En 1862, en plena época liberal y anticlerical, se demolió la casa colindante al oriente para crear la calle de Benito Juárez (hoy Fiallo), pero la antigua residencia de Antelo conservó su integridad hasta 1985, cuando comenzó a ser derruida por su propietario de ese momento, el Sr. Simeón Martínez, lo que causó escándalo en la prensa. De nueva cuenta en el 2002, la inmobiliaria que había adquirido la propiedad mandó a destruir todo el interior.


En el año de 2006, la Fundación Alfredo Harp Helú compró la casa Antelo y el ex convento de San Pablo como parte de un proyecto más amplio de rescate arquitectónico del centro histórico de la ciudad de Oaxaca para crear espacios con vocación cultural. El ex convento había seguido una historia paralela de secularización: hacia 1826 fue convertido en la segunda sede del Instituto de Artes y Ciencias (precursor de la actual Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca). Después de un largo proceso de subdivisiones y destrucción, se encuentra actualmente en restauración para ser destinado a diversas funciones ligadas con el Museo Textil de Oaxaca, además de hospedar al futuro Centro de Humanidades y de Lenguas Originarias.


El proyecto de restauración y reconstrucción de la Casa Antelo comenzó en el año 2007 bajo la dirección de un equipo interdisciplinario, en el que estuvieron involucrados arquitectos, restauradores, historiadores, ingenieros y diseñadores. Su objetivo fue conservar y consolidar las edificaciones antiguas que se mantenían de pie, adaptándolas a las necesidades del Museo. Construyeron a la par un edificio contemporáneo en el espacio libre donde habían sido demolidas recientemente las paredes interiores de la casa. Al final se integró al conjunto la Capilla del Rosario, que formó parte del antiguo convento de San Pablo. De esta manera se logró conservar un vestigio significativo del patrimonio arquitectónico virreinal de Oaxaca, dándole a la vez suficiente funcionalidad para instalar un museo contemporáneo.
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