File:Text-book of ophthalmology (1919) (14594554759).jpg

Identifier: textbookofophtha1919fuch (find matches)
Title: Text-book of ophthalmology
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Fuchs, Hofrat Ernst, 1851- Duane, A. (Alexander), b. 1858, tr
Subjects: Ophthalmology Eye Ophthalmology Eye Diseases
Publisher: Philadelphia & London : Lippincott
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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patient to look down,grasp the lashes between the thumb and finger, and draw the lid down and 78 TEXT-BOOK OF OPHTHALMOLOGY somewhat away from the eyebrow. When the lid is well on the stretch, weplace a pencil or similar object lengthwise in the groove beneath the browand just above the tarsus. With the fingers that grasp the lashes we turnthe lid sharply outward and upward, keeping it on the stretch all the timeand revolving it on the pencil as a gate on its hinge.—D.) 76. In the examination of the cornea, besides a careful inspection witha good magnifier, such as Hartnacks spherical loupe or Zeisss binocularmicroscope,2 there are two main artifices in use,—examination of the cornealreflex and lateral illumination. To examine the corneal reflex signifies noth-ing more than to direct the eye in such a manner that the reflection of awindow placed opposite it is visible upon the cornea (Fig. 78). By causingthe eye to follow the movements of a finger held before it, the reflection is
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(Fig. 4.—Oblique Illumination. (After Posey and Wright.)—D.) brought successively upon different portions of the corneal surface, ofwhose curvature and smoothness we in this manner obtain an impression.(See also § 190.) Lateral (or oblique) illumination consists in the concentration of lightupon a certain portion of the cornea by means of a convex lens. Thisimportant method, although already employed by Himly, Mackenzie, andSanson, was yet very little known formerly, and first obtained general cur-rency through the efforts of Helmholtz. A light (candle or lamp) is placedbeside and somewhat in front of the patient. (See Fig. 4.) Then, by the aid 2 (Other corneal miorotcopei are those of Czap.ski and Howe. The binocular loupes of Jacksonami Zeiss, which .ire attached to the observers forehead by a head band, have the great advantage ofleaving both hands of the observer free, and hence are particularly useful for finding and removingforeign bodies. An ordinary head-mirror often serv

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