File:TI stimulation change in hippocampal–cortical FC.webp

English: "a, AT (purple) and PM (green) hippocampal–cortical networks. b, Group mean change (% signal change) in FC between the anterior (Ant), Middle (Mid) and posterior (Post) regions of the left (L) hippocampus and the AT and PT networks during encode and recall task stages in sham blocks (that is, without stimulation) for the contrast correct > incorrect. Showing a larger connectivity between the Ant and Mid regions of the L hippocampus and the AT network during encoding of successful associations; (one-sample t-tests, two-sided; Ant → AT, P = 0.0223, P(FDR) = 0.1336; Mid → AT, P = 0.0024, P(FDR) = 0.0287); **P < 0.05 FDR corrected; *P < 0.05 uncorrected; for full statistics, see Supplementary Table 14. c, Effect of TI stimulation on FC, showing the same as b but comparing changes between stimulation conditions during encoding stage in which a connectivity increase was observed in sham blocks. A reduction in FC by both TI 1:1 and TI 1:3 stimulations (relative to sham) and, when comparing the TI stimulations, a larger connectivity in the Mid region during TI 1:1 and in the Ant region during TI 1:3 (LMM with significant three-way interaction between stimulation type, seed and network, F(4,1576) = 2.54, P = 0.038; post hoc comparisons using the Tukey honestly significant difference test, two-sided; Ant → AT: TI 1:1–Sham, P = 0.0010, TI 1:3–TI 1:1, P = 0.0082; Mid → AT: TI 1:1–Sham, P = 0.0059, TI 1:3–Sham, P < 0.0001, TI 1:3–TI 1:1, P = 0.0232); *P < 0.05; for full statistics, see Supplementary Table 14). n = 20 throughout. ‘→’ indicates the direction of the connectivity from seed to target."