File:Sun and Climate Change Update.png

English: Update on the 2007 solar change and climate paper by Lockwood and Fröhlich (2007) extending the data to the present day. Panels from top to bottom show: global mean air surface temperature anomaly from the Hadcrut4 dataset; the mixing ratio of Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere from observations (blue dots) and ice cores (mauve line); the international sunspot number smoothed using averaging intervals dt between 8 years and 14 years (the black line connects the yellow points where the mean is independent of dt and so shows the solar activity trend without making an assumption about the solar cycle length); the total solar irradiance (TSI) the blue dots are the PMOD composite of observations and the black and mauve lines are annual and 11-year means of the SATIRE-T2 model of the effect of sunspots and faculae (Dasi-Espuig t al., 2014) with the addition of a quiet -Sun variation derived from comic ray fluxes and cosmogenic isotopes (Lockwood and Ball, 2020; the open solar flux from (mauve line) geomagnetic observations and (blue dots) spacecraft data ; Oulu neutron monitor cosmic ray counts, O, (blue dots) observed and (mauve line) inferred from cosmogenic isotope data; and (grey) monthly and (mauve) annual international sunspot numbers. The green and yellow shaded bands show sunspot cycles 14 and 24.