File:Submarine-spring Vrulja-Bay Brela Biokovo Croatia.jpg

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Deutsch: submarine Karstquelle (Vrulja), in der südkroatischen „Vrulja Bay“ bei Brela. Das Süßwasser großer Karstwasser-Gänge strömt unmittelbar an der steilen Felsküste ins Meer. Süßwasser ist leichter (physikalisch weniger dicht) als Salzwasser und steigt – wenn der Wasserdruck stark genug ist – sichtbar bis an die Oberfläche. Je nach Verlauf des Karstwasser-Gangs und je nach Wasserdruck dringt mindestens geringfügig, u.U. auch viel, Salzwasser ein – auch durch tektonische Risse und Klüfte in den Gesteinsschichten.

Den Adriaküsten von Slowenien, Kroatien, Montenegro und Albanien liegt das ca. 800 km lange, verkarstete Dinarische Gebirge vor. Daher gibt es an diesen Küsten zahlreiche küstennahe und submarine Quellen.

Wenn sich verkarstungsfähige Gesteinsschichten unter heutigem Meereswasserspiegel fortsetzen, wie im Falle der jungalpidischen Dinariden, bildet der Wasserspiegel des nächsten großen Gewässers jeweils die tiefste Basis für Verkarstungsprozesse. Im späten Miozän sank und hob sich der Meeresspiegel mehrfach drastisch (Messinische Salinitätskrise). Seit dem späten Pliozän stieg der Meeresspiegel der Adria um ca. 120 m (Abschmelzen der Polkappen). Die tief reichende Verkarstung machte so viele „normale“ Karstquellen zu submarinen Karstquellen.

English: Submarine karst spring (“Vrulja”) at the coast of Croatia, north of Brela. As the hydraulic head seems to be strong, the intrusion uprising of the karst conduit’s freshwater is well visible. Depending on more or less intrusion at the outlet, there is Chloride intrusion – at least by tectonic fissures in karstic rocks, which - inevitably -remain in contact with sea water.
The Adriatic Sea is flanked by the karstic Dinaric Alps. This is why there are numerous submarine springs along the coastline from Slovenia to Albania. Since late Pleistocene the water table of the Adriatic Sea rose by ca. 120 m. Springs that emerged on the surface became submarine.
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Author Rainer Pinhack
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(Reusing this file)		 explicit permission by E-Mail as of November 8th, 2016

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