File:Structurally crinkled gyprock (Castile Formation, Upper Permian; State Line outcrop, southern Eddy County, New Mexico, USA) 6 (48949977858).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionStructurally crinkled gyprock (Castile Formation, Upper Permian; State Line outcrop, southern Eddy County, New Mexico, USA) 6 (48949977858).jpg |
Structurally crinkled gyprock from the Permian of New Mexico, USA. (field of view ~5.7 centimeters across) This is a sample of gyprock (rock gypsum), a finely crystalline-textured, chemical sedimentary rock dominated by the mineral gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate). The light-colored layers are the gypsum. The dark brown layers are calcite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate). Gyprock is an evaporite, which forms by the evaporation of water - usually seawater - and the precipitation of dissolved minerals. All the layers here were originally flat, straight, and horizontal. The fine-scale folding or crinkling formed during early Cenozoic structural deformation, not during an anhydrite-to-gypsum transformation (see Anderson & Kirkland, 1987). Stratigraphy: Castile Formation, upper Upper Permian Locality: State Line outcrop, roadcut on either side of Rt. 180/Rt. 62, between Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park, immediately north of the Texas border, southern Eddy County, southeastern New Mexico, USA (32° 00' 34.2" North latitude, 104° 29' 55.0" West longitude) Reference cited: Anderson, R.Y. & D.W. Kirkland. 1987. Banded Castile evaporites, Delaware Basin, New Mexico. Rocky Mountain Section of the Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 2: 455-458. |
Date | |
Source | Structurally crinkled gyprock (Castile Formation, Upper Permian; State Line outcrop, southern Eddy County, New Mexico, USA) 6 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/48949977858 (archive). It was reviewed on 6 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 December 2019
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current | 01:33, 6 December 2019 | 2,553 × 2,486 (5.54 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:13, 23 October 2019 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 20:56, 23 October 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:13, 23 October 2019 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 16:56, 23 October 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | B5F901348358304CD22EC89072505AC6 |