File:Stromatoporoid with fluorite (Devonian; Stoneco Auglaize Quarry, Junction, Ohio, USA) (28948389034).jpg
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Stromatoporoid with fluorite from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. Sponges are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding organisms. They are not metazoan animals, as they lack organs or tissues - they are called parazoans. Sponges are essentially colonies of cells (the cells can live independently for short periods of time). Most sponges are marine, but some occupy freshwater environments. Sponges construct organic or mineralized, multi-element skeletons. Individual pieces of a sponge skeleton are called spicules. The group first appears in the fossil record in the Neoproterozoic and extends to today, in the Holocene. Some sponges make skeletons composed of opal spicules (SiO2·nH2O - hydrous silica), while others are calcareous (calcite or aragonite) or make spicules of organic material (spongin - a tough, proteinaceous, organic compound). The layered structure shown above is a stromatoporoid (often misidentified as a stromatolite, which is a bacterial construct). They occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks (Ordovician to Cretaceous). The Mesozoic-aged stromatoporoids may represent a separate group. Stromatoporoids have a layered, calcitic skeleton, usually with small vertical pillars between individual layers (laminations). If preserved, the top living surface has small mounds (mamelons) with radiating canals (astrorhizae). This group of fossils is similar to a living group of sponges called the sclerosponges - some researchers place the stromatoporoids with the sclerosponges. Stromatoporoids were important components of some Paleozoic and Mesozoic shallow-water reefs. The Devonian-aged stromatoporoid shown above has been silicified (all of the small, light-colored, sparkly crystals are quartz). The purplish-colored mass is fluorite (CaF2 - calcium fluorite). Classification: Animalia, Porifera, Stromatoporata, Stromatoporoidea Stratigraphy: Detroit River Group (Lower-Middle Devonian) or lower Dundee Formation (Middle Devonian) Locality: Stoneco Auglaize Quarry, just southeast of town of Junction, Auglaize Township, northeastern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA |
| Date | |
| Source | Stromatoporoid with fluorite (Devonian; Stoneco Auglaize Quarry, Junction, Ohio, USA) |
| Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/28948389034 (archive). It was reviewed on 18 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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| current | 02:50, 18 October 2019 | | 1,988 × 1,920 (3.4 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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