File:Star quartz (Czech Republic) 2 (34503920031).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionStar quartz (Czech Republic) 2 (34503920031).jpg |
Quartz from the Czech Republic. (Wayne State University collection, Detroit, Michigan, USA) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. The simplest & most abundant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust is quartz (SiO2). All other silicates have silica + impurities. Many silicates have a significant percentage of aluminum (the aluminosilicates). Quartz (silicon dioxide/silica - SiO2) is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust. It is composed of the two most abundant elements in the crust - oxygen and silicon. It has a glassy, nonmetallic luster, is commonly clearish to whitish to grayish in color, has a white streak, is quite hard (H≡7), forms hexagonal crystals, has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture. Quartz can be any color: clear, white, gray, black, brown, pink, red, purple, blue, green, orange, etc. The Bohemian sample shown above consists of many closely packed "star quartz" masses. Each "star" is a radiating spray of twinned quartz crystals. Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site in the Czech Republic (but possibly from Straznik, Perimov, Kilemnice, Liberec Region, Bohemia) Photo gallery of quartz: <a href="http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337" rel="nofollow">www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337</a> |
Date | |
Source | Star quartz (Czech Republic) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/34503920031 (archive). It was reviewed on 5 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
5 December 2019
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current | 02:06, 5 December 2019 | ![]() | 3,055 × 3,000 (5.28 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:29, 6 May 2017 |
Lens focal length | 14.303 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:08, 13 May 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:29, 6 May 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 7.40625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.34375 APEX (f/4.51) |
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Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
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File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:08, 13 May 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | D11A63B4D62453F8020896F118FD0711 |
IIM version | 1 |