File:Skiffes Creek; The Defense of Mulberry Island — 1862 Peninsula Campaign — (3445934669).jpg
Original file (1,600 × 918 pixels, file size: 481 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionSkiffes Creek; The Defense of Mulberry Island — 1862 Peninsula Campaign — (3445934669).jpg |
Inscription. The redoubt before you is one of five earthworks built by the Confederates to help defend the Mulberry Island/James River flank of Maj. Gen. John Bankhead Magruder’s 2nd Peninsula Defensive Line. This series of redoubts (of which only two remain) stretched from Lee’s Mill on the Warwick River to Skiffes Creek, thereby blocking any Federal flanking movement by way of Mulberry Island or Skiffes Creek. Until the emergence of the powerful ironclad ram CSS Virginia (Merrimack), Magruder had been concerned about his small force’s ability to effectively fortify its James River flank. He wrote Gen. Robert E. Lee in early 1862 that he could ”only hope that Yorktown and Mulberry Island will be made impregnable, else the Peninsula and perhaps Virginia overrun.” The fortifications constructed throughout Mulberry Island (actually a peninsula jutting into the James River bounded by the Warwick River and Skiffes Creek) are a good example of Magruder’s extensive effort to defend this invasion route to Richmond. Despite being plagued by a lack of troops and artillery, Magruder’s troops, supported by as many as 600 to 1,000 slaves a day, built extensive fortifications throughout Mulberry Island. Entrenchments at Land’s End and Brick House Creek, as well as batteries at Mulberry Island Point and redoubts near Skiffes Creek, were all supported by Fort Crawford. Fort Crawford was the largest earthwork within the 2nd Defensive Line. The fort covered 8 acres with inner walls almost 20 feet high and armed with 8 heavy cannon. Magruder considered the fortifications on Mulberry Island capable of withstanding a month-long siege; however, these earthworks did not play a major role in the Warwick River – Yorktown Siege because of the Virginia’s (Merrimack) ability to block the James River to Union use. The Mulberry Island and Skiffes Creek fortifications were abandoned on May 3, 1862, when the Confederate army began its retreat towards Richmond. This marker is included in the Virginia Civil War Trails marker series. www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=10363 |
Date | |
Source |
Skiffes Creek; The Defense of Mulberry Island — 1862 Peninsula Campaign —
|
Author | Cliff from Arlington, Virginia, USA |
Camera location | 37° 10′ 40.15″ N, 76° 34′ 31.48″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.177819; -76.575412 |
---|
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 16 November 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 17:49, 16 November 2013 | 1,600 × 918 (481 KB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:AlbertHerring |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
---|---|
Camera model | COOLPIX P6000 |
Exposure time | 1/110 sec (0.0090909090909091) |
F-number | f/3.6 |
ISO speed rating | 64 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:45, 15 April 2009 |
Lens focal length | 6 mm |
Latitude | 37° 10′ 40.15″ N |
Longitude | 76° 34′ 31.48″ W |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | ACD Systems Digital Imaging |
File change date and time | 23:48, 15 April 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:45, 15 April 2009 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.78136 |
APEX aperture | 3.695994 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.9 APEX (f/2.73) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 31 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 0 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 0 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 28 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 06:45 |
Satellites used for measurement | 05 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 15 April 2009 |
GPS tag version | 84.64.84.64.05.64.05 |
Width | 4,224 px |
Height | 3,168 px |
Image width | 4,224 px |
Image height | 3,168 px |