File:Signal integration. Summary of the different classes of signaling pathways involved in regulating cephalic NC cell motility and polarity.jpg
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| Description | Fig. 9. Signal integration. Summary of the different classes of signaling pathways involved in regulating cephalic NC cell motility and polarity. External inhibitors produced by surrounding tissues are here represented by semaphorins. Cell–cell interactions include: ephrin/Eph signaling among NC cells and between NC cells and their surrounding tissues; but also GAP junctions (Cx43) and CIL (Wnt/PCP, Cadherins) among NC cells. Semaphorin and ephrin signaling promote the collapse of cell protrusions, possibly through RhoA activation. Connexin-43 (Cx43)-based GAP junctions are required for NC cells to polarize upon cell contacts and to interpret semaphorin signaling. How this effect is mediated remains unknown. CIL relies on PCP signaling and N-Cadherin-based cell–cell contacts. CIL promotes RhoA activity and blocks Rac1. Syndecan-4 inhibits Rac1. Paracrine chemokinetic/chemotactic factors include Sdf1, VEGFA, FGF2/8 and PDGFs. Sdf1/Cxcr4 signaling activates Rac1. Downstream effectors of PDGF, VEGF and FGF pathways responsible for their positive effect on NC cell migration are unknown but likely to eventually regulate the small Rho GTPases. Autocrine signals are represented by complement factor C3a and its cognate receptor C3aR. C3a/C3aR signaling activates Rac1. Many crosstalks are likely to take place between pathways as several common effectors can be found. Neuropilin-1 can act as co-receptor for Plexins, VEGFR and PDGFR. Syndecan-4 (Syn-4) binds to Sdf1 and Fibronectin (Fn) and can act as a co-receptor for Cxcr4. C3a and Sdf1 can bind to each other while CXCR4 and C3aR can interact. Please note that data from Xenopus, chick, mouse and fish embryos are mixed in this figure. |
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160611014692?via%3Dihub Neural crest delamination and migration: From epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition to collective cell migration, Developmental Biology, Volume 366, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 34-54, ISSN 0012-1606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.041. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160611014692) |
| Author | Eric Theveneau, Roberto Mayor, |
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| current | 07:12, 3 June 2024 | | 1,988 × 972 (222 KB) | Rasbak (talk | contribs) | {{Information |description=Fig. 9. Signal integration. Summary of the different classes of signaling pathways involved in regulating cephalic NC cell motility and polarity. External inhibitors produced by surrounding tissues are here represented by semaphorins. Cell–cell interactions include: ephrin/Eph signaling among NC cells and between NC cells and their surrounding tissues; but also GAP junctions (Cx43) and CIL (Wnt/PCP, Cadherins) among NC cells. Semaphorin and ephrin signaling promote... |
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