File:Shore processes and shoreline development (1919) (14577324078).jpg

Identifier: shoreprocessessh00john (find matches)
Title: Shore processes and shoreline development
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Johnson, Douglas Wilson, 1878-1944
Subjects: Shorelines Coasts
Publisher: New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (etc., etc.)
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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s wouldcertainly go on much more slowly. British geologists have long appreciated the tremendous powerof the waves in destroying land areas, and with good cause; forno part of the British Isles is far removed from the sea, the waveattack on much of the coast is remarkably vigorous, and abundantancient records and surveys permit careful computation of therate of cliff retreat at many points. Old maps of Yorkshire showthe location of many towns and villages which have been sweptout of existence by the waves, their former sites being now re-presented by sandbanks far out in the sea. In 1829 there wasin the harbor of Sheringham, according to LyelP, a depth of 20feet of water where only forty-eight years before . had stood acliff fifty feet high with houses upon it. For over half a centurythe chff at Happisburgh retreated at the rate of 7 feet per year,while the cliff between Cromer and Mundesley was cut back330 feet in the twenty-three years previous to 1861 making an 70 THE WORK OF WAVES
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> S2 O DAMAGE BY STORM WAVES 71 annual retreat of 14 feet. Matthews^^ estimates that the rateof cHff erosion on the Holderness coast of Yorkshire varies from7 feet per year in some places to 15 feet in others, while theretreat between Cromer and Mundesley since 1861 is said tohave been 19 feet annually. At South wold the annual rate hasvaried from 15 to 45 feet. Shakespeares cliff (Plate VII) nearDover is so vigorously undermined that great landslides descendfrom the upper part of the cliff, the debris projecting far into thesea until the waves remove it and renew their attack on thecliff base. Such a landshde in 1810 caused a marked earth-quake at Dover. Detailed accounts of the rates of cliff erosionabout the British Isles will be found in Lyells Principles ofGeology ^% while Matthews Coast Erosion and Protection ^gives more recent data on this question. Further details areabundantly set forth in the reports of the Royal Commission onCoast Erosion of Great Britain^^ The large blo

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