File:Sarkfoot - Flickr - TrotterFechan.jpg
![File:Sarkfoot - Flickr - TrotterFechan.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sarkfoot_-_Flickr_-_TrotterFechan.jpg/800px-Sarkfoot_-_Flickr_-_TrotterFechan.jpg?20200811070033)
Original file (7,268 × 4,310 pixels, file size: 14.21 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionSarkfoot - Flickr - TrotterFechan.jpg |
The Battle of Sark occurred in 1448 and is the final pitched battle fought between Scotland and England during the period of the Hundred Years War, and also the last battle of the Medieval period between the two countries. It was the first Scottish victory in battle over the English since the Battle of Otterburn over 60 years earlier. Sark is also significant because it clearly demonstrated the weakened authority of the kings of both Scotland and England in the mid-15th century. At this time, increasingly powerful members of the nobility were ignoring the authority of the monarchy and striving to control it for their own ends. Noble houses of the highest echelons in Scotland and England were engaged in dynastic manoeuvring, and political and sometimes physical conflict, and these internal struggles would overtake both countries for the remainder of the 15th century, leaving little capacity for major cross-border warfare. In late 1448, the Earl of Northumberland led an army into Scotland, with the support of King Henry VI, breaking a truce between the two nations. Northumberland's army was met by a Scottish force under the Earl of Ormonde to the south-west of modern Gretna, on the north shore of the River Esk. The battle was a decisive victory for the Scots, with many of Northumberland's force captured or killed, and apparently very few Scottish casualties in return. The victory of the Douglases raised their profile in the Scottish power struggles at the time, while simultaneously damaging the Earl of Northumberland's in England. |
Date | Taken on 12 January 2018, 15:20 |
Source | Sarkfoot |
Author | James Johnstone from Ecclefechan, Scotland |
Flickr tags InfoField | seascape , boats , black , white , solway , esk , sark , battle , grouptripod |
Camera location | 54° 59′ 01.52″ N, 3° 04′ 10.62″ W ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
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- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by TrotterFechan at https://flickr.com/photos/89786933@N02/39841947602. It was reviewed on 11 August 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
11 August 2020
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 07:00, 11 August 2020 | ![]() | 7,268 × 4,310 (14.21 MB) | Red panda bot (talk | contribs) | In Flickr Explore: 2018-01-24 |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D810 |
Author | James Johnstone |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 3/5 sec (0.6) |
F-number | f/22 |
ISO speed rating | 31 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:20, 12 January 2018 |
Lens focal length | 35 mm |
Latitude | 54° 59′ 1.52″ N |
Longitude | 3° 4′ 10.62″ W |
Altitude | 45 meters above sea level |
Short title |
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Image title |
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Usage terms |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC (Windows) |
File change date and time | 23:05, 17 January 2018 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:20, 12 January 2018 |
APEX shutter speed | 0.736966 |
APEX aperture | 8.918863 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2 APEX (f/2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Cloudy weather |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 85 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,048.4022216797 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,048.4022216797 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 35 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 15:20 |
Satellites used for measurement | 11 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS84 |
GPS date | 12 January 2018 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Serial number of camera | 6019684 |
Lens used | 35.0 mm f/2.0 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:41, 18 January 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | B07F59336EC1653D5C4D1C9FDFBAAF20 |
Copyright status | Copyrighted |
Keywords |
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Contact information | j.t.johnstone@btinternet.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jetjohn/
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IIM version | 4 |